FPGA-Neural/hardware/v2/logs/experiments.log

# V2 experiments log -- REGISTRO PRINCIPALE (docs/v2-description.md §25).
# Un EXP-XXXX per ogni esperimento end-to-end (config -> sim/synth/timing ->
# risultato). ID mai riutilizzati, anche per i FAIL. Ogni EXP rimanda a
# reports/experiments/EXP-XXXX/ (experiment.yaml, simulation.log,
# synthesis.log, timing.log, results.txt, notes.md).
#
# Nessun esperimento ancora eseguito.

EXP-0001
timestamp: 2026-09-05T12:03:12Z
git_commit: 07a48e401f56d395f9d1a6e22f1b5ebc6b598e64 (+ uncommitted M1 work)
session: v2-M1-neural-processor
module: hardware/v2/rtl/neural_processor.v
configuration: DATA_WIDTH=8, P_IN=8, ACC_WIDTH=32
action: first M1 implementation -- 8-stage pipelined perceptron unit,
  bit-exact vs hardware/v1/rtl/neuron_parallel.v + mac8.v + mac_unit.v
command (sim, Verilator): verilator --binary --timing -j 0 -Wno-fatal
  --top-module tb -o /tmp/vtb_np hardware/v1/rtl/neuron_parallel.v
  hardware/v1/rtl/mac8.v hardware/v1/rtl/mac_unit.v
  hardware/v2/rtl/neural_processor.v hardware/v2/sim/tb_neural_processor.v
  && /tmp/vtb_np
command (synth): yosys -p "synth_ecp5 -json
  hardware/v2/synthesis/neural_processor_p8/top.json -top neural_processor"
  hardware/v2/rtl/neural_processor.v
command (timing): nextpnr-ecp5 --45k --package CABGA381 --speed 8
  --freq 80 --json hardware/v2/synthesis/neural_processor_p8/top.json
  --lpf-allow-unconstrained --textcfg .../top.config
result:
  SIMULATED: 7/7 tests PASS, bit-exact vs V1 (functional +
    extreme-INT8 + back-to-back-tiles + 64-input/8-tile coverage).
  SYNTHESIZED: 0 CHECK problems, 8 MULT18X18D, 533 TRELLIS_FF,
    96 CCU2C, 55 LUT4 (36 benign integer-loop-variable warnings, see
    hardware/v2/logs/synthesis.log).
  POST-P&R: Fmax = 183.12 MHz, PASS at 80MHz target (real
    nextpnr-ecp5 measurement, hardware/v2/synthesis/neural_processor_p8/
    nextpnr.log). Compare V1 isolated PARALLEL=8: 61.71 MHz
    (hardware/v1/synthesis/p8/) -- ~3x higher Fmax for the pipelined
    single-processor datapath alone (not yet a system-level
    comparison -- no Memory Manager/Director/multi-processor overhead
    included at this milestone).
errors: ERR-0001, ERR-0002, ERR-0003 (see errors.log) encountered and
  resolved/worked around during development.
decision: see decisions.log DEC-0002, DEC-0003, DEC-0004.
next_action: EXP-0002 (ACC_WIDTH=24 comparison), then M2 (Processor
  Array, N_PROCESSORS sweep).

EXP-0002
timestamp: 2026-09-05T12:03:12Z
git_commit: 07a48e401f56d395f9d1a6e22f1b5ebc6b598e64 (+ uncommitted M1 work)
session: v2-M1-neural-processor
module: hardware/v2/rtl/neural_processor.v
configuration: DATA_WIDTH=8, P_IN=8, ACC_WIDTH=24 (vs EXP-0001's
  ACC_WIDTH=32 baseline) -- requested explicitly by the user as a test
  variant ("come test nel perceptrone crea una versione con
  accumulatori a 24 bit anziche' a 32 bit").
reason: ACC_WIDTH is already fully parametric throughout
  neural_processor.v (no code duplication needed); 24 bits is a real,
  non-degenerate choice -- worst-case realistic accumulation (e.g. 256
  INT8 inputs all at +-127/+-128) needs at most 23 signed bits
  (256 * 128 = 32768, |value| <= 2^22 for the largest single-tile-
  chain sums this project's configs reach), so 24 bits carries a
  legitimate 1-bit margin, not an arbitrary/unsafe truncation.
command (sim, Verilator): same as EXP-0001 with a copy of
  tb_neural_processor.v with ACC_WIDTH localparam changed to 24 (V1's
  own neuron_parallel instantiated at ACC_WIDTH=24 too, for a true
  bit-exact comparison at the SAME width -- V1's ACC_WIDTH is also a
  module parameter, no V1 modification needed).
command (synth): yosys -p "read_verilog
  hardware/v2/rtl/neural_processor.v; chparam -set ACC_WIDTH 24
  neural_processor; synth_ecp5 -json
  hardware/v2/synthesis/neural_processor_p8_acc24/top.json -top
  neural_processor"
command (timing): nextpnr-ecp5, same flags as EXP-0001, json from
  the ACC_WIDTH=24 build.
result:
  SIMULATED: 7/7 tests PASS, bit-exact vs V1 at ACC_WIDTH=24 (no
    overflow in any test vector, as expected from the margin analysis
    above).
  SYNTHESIZED: 0 CHECK problems, 8 MULT18X18D (unchanged, multiplier
    width is DATA_WIDTH-driven not ACC_WIDTH-driven), 509 TRELLIS_FF
    (was 533 at ACC_WIDTH=32, -24 FF as expected for 8 fewer
    accumulator bits carried through ~3 pipeline-stage copies),
    88 CCU2C (was 96), 49 LUT4 (was 55).
  POST-P&R: Fmax = 176.21 MHz (was 183.12 MHz at ACC_WIDTH=32) --
    REAL measurement, both from nextpnr-ecp5. The 24-bit build is
    ~4% SLOWER despite fewer resources -- almost certainly placement
    noise (consistent with this project's established finding,
    hardware/v1/docs/WORKLOG.md "Timing closure", that seed-to-seed
    placement variance on this device dominates small logic-width
    differences), NOT attributed to a real architectural effect
    without a seed sweep to confirm. Reported as-measured, not
    overinterpreted -- see hardware/v2/logs/benchmark.log.
errors: none.
decision: ACC_WIDTH=32 remains the M1 default (matches V1 exactly for
  ongoing bit-exact comparisons); ACC_WIDTH=24 confirmed as a viable,
  correctly-functioning, slightly-smaller alternative, not adopted as
  default without a proper seed sweep (out of scope for this single
  comparison run).
next_action: revisit ACC_WIDTH choice during M10 (Optimization) with a
  real seed sweep, not before.

EXP-0003
timestamp: 2026-09-05T14:30:00Z
git_commit: dc0b331 (+ uncommitted M2 work)
session: v2-M2-processor-array
module: hardware/v2/rtl/neural_processor_array.v
configuration: N_PROCESSORS in {1,2,4,8}, P_IN=8, ACC_WIDTH=32 each
action: M2 -- functional array + real N_PROCESSORS resource/timing sweep
command (sim, Verilator): verilator --binary --timing -j 0 -Wno-fatal
  --top-module tb -o /tmp/vtb_array hardware/v2/rtl/neural_processor.v
  hardware/v2/rtl/neural_processor_array.v
  hardware/v2/sim/tb_neural_processor_array.v && /tmp/vtb_array
command (synth/timing): see hardware/v2/synthesis/harness_n{1,2,4,8}/
  (yosys.log, nextpnr.log) -- synthesized via
  hardware/v2/synthesis/harness_neural_processor_array.v, a
  synthesis-only timing harness (see its own header comment and
  errors.log ERR-0005 for why the array cannot be synthesized as a
  bare top-level module beyond N_PROCESSORS=1 without it).
result:
  SIMULATED (N_PROCESSORS=4, tb_neural_processor_array.v): 7/7 tests
    PASS -- single-processor sanity, 4 processors launched the SAME
    cycle with different tile counts (finish at different times,
    proving true concurrency), and a staggered-start test (processor 1
    launched mid-way through processor 0's 6-tile job, both complete
    correctly and independently, confirming §18/§34's "un processor
    bloccato non deve bloccare gli altri").
  SYNTHESIZED (resource scaling, harness): perfectly linear in
    N_PROCESSORS, confirming no unintended resource sharing:
      N=1: LUT=59  FF=409   MULT18X18D=8   CCU2C=96
      N=2: LUT=106 FF=786   MULT18X18D=16  CCU2C=192
      N=4: LUT=207 FF=1540  MULT18X18D=32  CCU2C=384
      N=8: LUT=374 FF=3048  MULT18X18D=64  CCU2C=768
    0 CHECK problems in every configuration.
  POST-P&R (real nextpnr-ecp5, --45k --package CABGA381 --speed 8
    --freq 80): Fmax PASS at 80MHz in every configuration:
      N=1: 159.11 MHz   N=2: 149.59 MHz
      N=4: 151.01 MHz   N=8: 134.70 MHz
    Fmax decreases gently with N (routing congestion), never close to
    failing the 80MHz target up to N=8.
  REAL RESOURCE CEILING FOUND (not assumed, measured via nextpnr's own
    device utilisation report): MULT18X18D usage is 22%/44%/88% of the
    LFE5U-45F's 72 total DSPs at N=2/4/8 respectively, while LUT4/FF
    usage stays under 6% even at N=8. **DSP (not LUT/FF/routing) is
    the first hard ceiling as N_PROCESSORS grows at P_IN=8** --
    N_PROCESSORS=9 would already exceed the device's 72 MULT18X18D
    budget at P_IN=8, before accounting for any multipliers the rest
    of a real system (Memory Manager, PSRAM path, etc.) might need.
    See decisions.log DEC-0005 and benchmark.log.
errors: ERR-0005 (toplevel-pin-count synthesis artifact, worked around
  with the timing harness -- see errors.log); a first harness attempt
  fed every processor and every MAC lane identical LFSR-derived data,
  which Yosys correctly (from pure logic-equivalence) collapsed via
  CSE down to 1 processor's worth of multipliers regardless of N --
  fixed by giving each processor AND each of its P_IN MAC lanes a
  distinct bit-rotated data source, confirmed by the corrected,
  properly-linear MULT18X18D counts above.
decision: see decisions.log DEC-0005 (DSP is the binding constraint,
  not LUT/FF -- informs how the N_PROCESSORS x P_IN trade-off should
  be explored going forward).
next_action: M3 -- activation_buffer.v / weight_buffer.v /
  result_buffer.v.

EXP-0004
timestamp: 2026-09-05T15:15:00Z
git_commit: 3026dcd (+ uncommitted M3 work)
session: v2-M3-buffers
module: hardware/v2/rtl/activation_buffer.v, weight_buffer.v,
  result_buffer.v
configuration: activation_buffer/result_buffer DEPTH in {4096, 256};
  weight_buffer DEPTH (in tiles) in {512, 64}, P_IN=8, DATA_WIDTH=8
  (TILE_WIDTH=64 bits)
action: M3 -- three parametric dual-port BRAM-inferring buffers
  (Input/Weight/Result of the §12 data-plane diagram), reusing the
  proven inference idiom from hardware/v1/rtl/act_buffer.v (sync
  write, sync REGISTERED read, no reset on the read register).
command (sim, Verilator): verilator --binary --timing -j 0 -Wno-fatal
  --top-module tb -o /tmp/vtb_buffers hardware/v2/rtl/
  activation_buffer.v hardware/v2/rtl/weight_buffer.v
  hardware/v2/rtl/result_buffer.v hardware/v2/sim/tb_buffers.v &&
  /tmp/vtb_buffers
command (synth): yosys -p "read_verilog <file>; chparam -set DEPTH
  <N> <module>; synth_ecp5 -json .../top.json -top <module>" for each
  of the 6 (module, depth) combinations.
command (timing): nextpnr-ecp5 --45k --package CABGA381 --speed 8
  --freq 80 --lpf-allow-unconstrained, default-depth configs only.
result:
  SIMULATED: 10/10 tests PASS -- write-then-read correctness incl.
    extreme INT8 (-128/127) round-tripping exactly, back-to-back
    writes to different addresses not disturbing earlier entries, and
    weight_buffer's full 64-bit TILE_WIDTH round-tripping (not just
    one lane).
  SYNTHESIZED (real BRAM mapping, not assumed):
    activation_buffer DEPTH=4096: 2 DP16KD, 37 LUT4, 30 FF
    activation_buffer DEPTH=256:  1 DP16KD, 21 LUT4, 26 FF
    weight_buffer     DEPTH=512:  2 DP16KD, 88 LUT4, 139 FF
    weight_buffer     DEPTH=64:   2 DP16KD, 73 LUT4, 136 FF
    result_buffer     DEPTH=4096: 2 DP16KD, 37 LUT4, 30 FF
    result_buffer     DEPTH=256:  1 DP16KD, 21 LUT4, 26 FF
    0 CHECK problems in all 6 configurations -- every one correctly
    inferred DP16KD block RAM, none fell back to LUT-RAM.
  REAL, NON-OBVIOUS FINDING (§14: "non assumere che buffer piu' grandi
    siano automaticamente migliori"): shrinking weight_buffer's DEPTH
    8x (512->64) did NOT reduce DP16KD usage at all (2->2) -- its
    64-bit TILE_WIDTH (P_IN*DATA_WIDTH), not its depth, is what forces
    2 physical block RAMs (a single DP16KD's usable port width in the
    density this needs is narrower than 64 bits). Depth-only buffer
    sizing decisions are the wrong lever for THIS buffer; width
    (P_IN) is. activation_buffer/result_buffer, being byte-wide, DO
    show the expected depth-proportional DP16KD count (2 -> 1).
  POST-P&R (default-depth configs): all PASS at 80MHz with large
    margin (287-367 MHz range, real place&route) -- these buffers are
    not a timing concern in isolation.
errors: none.
decision: keep DEPTH parametric as specified, but document (this
  entry + benchmark.log) that weight_buffer's real BRAM cost is driven
  by P_IN (its width), not DEPTH -- relevant when M4/M9 size these
  buffers against a real workload.
next_action: M4 -- memory_manager.v + prefetch_engine.v (wires these
  three buffers + the array together, PSRAM backend reused unmodified
  from V1 per §15).

EXP-0005
timestamp: 2026-09-05T16:00:00Z
git_commit: 5f0d7f1 (+ uncommitted M4 work)
session: v2-M4-memory-manager
module: hardware/v2/rtl/memory_manager.v, prefetch_engine.v
configuration: P_IN=8, ADDR_WIDTH=23, real V1 backend chain
  (int8_memory_access -> memory_interface -> psram_controller ->
  psram_model, ALL unmodified), real M1 neural_processor
action: M4 -- end-to-end integration: memory_manager double-buffers
  prefetch of X/W tiles from PSRAM, feeds a real neural_processor,
  writes the computed result back to PSRAM.
command (sim, Verilator): verilator --binary --timing -j 0 -Wno-fatal
  --top-module tb -o /tmp/vtb_mm hardware/v1/rtl/int8_memory_access.v
  hardware/v1/rtl/memory_interface.v hardware/v1/rtl/psram_controller.v
  hardware/v1/sim/psram_model.v hardware/v2/rtl/neural_processor.v
  hardware/v2/rtl/prefetch_engine.v hardware/v2/rtl/memory_manager.v
  hardware/v2/sim/tb_memory_manager.v && /tmp/vtb_mm
command (synth): yosys -p "synth_ecp5 -json .../top.json -top
  memory_manager" hardware/v2/rtl/memory_manager.v
  hardware/v2/rtl/prefetch_engine.v (standalone, for real resource
  counts); harness_memory_manager.v (see errors.log ERR-0005 pattern)
  for real P&R Fmax, since the bare module exceeds the device's
  TRELLIS_IO budget as a top-level (same class of artifact as the
  Processor Array, not a logic limit).
result:
  SIMULATED: 3/3 jobs PASS end-to-end -- 3-tile (bias=0, ACT_RELU,
    saturates to 127), 1-tile (no saturation, y=32), and 5-tile
    (steady-state double-buffer swap across more than 2 tiles, y=40)
    -- each verified by an INDEPENDENT PSRAM read-back of the
    written result byte (not just internal signal inspection), with
    "poison" bytes surrounding the real operand regions to catch any
    off-by-one addressing (none found).
  Cycle counts (real, PSRAM power-up already excluded): 3-tile job =
    446 cycles, 1-tile job = 166 cycles, 5-tile job = 728 cycles.
    Roughly ~140-150 cycles/tile at this PSRAM timing (dominated by
    the real ~70ns TAA access latency modeled in psram_model.v, not
    by memory_manager's own control overhead) -- a real, measured
    number, not estimated.
  SYNTHESIZED (standalone, real resource count): 0 CHECK problems,
    851 LUT4, 789 TRELLIS_FF, 108 CCU2C, 0 DSP (expected -- no
    multiplication in this module).
  POST-P&R (via harness, real Fmax): 165.86 MHz, PASS at 80MHz with
    large margin.
errors: ERR-0006 (three real RTL bugs found and fixed during bring-up
  -- see errors.log for full detail: a missing single-in-flight-
  request discipline, a one-cycle pf_busy blind spot, and an
  off-by-one state mux for the write-back path). ERR-0005's pin-count
  artifact recurred for this module too (worked around the same way).
decision: see decisions.log DEC-0006 (single prefetch engine + pending
  register is sufficient for this milestone's scope; a real backend
  arbiter is deferred until multiple processors/jobs actually need to
  share one memory_manager).
next_action: M5 -- neural_director.v (first-free scheduling), wiring
  job dispatch to potentially multiple (memory_manager, neural_
  processor) pairs instead of the single hardcoded pair tested here.

EXP-0006
timestamp: 2026-09-05T17:00:00Z
git_commit: 175f697 (+ uncommitted M5 work)
session: v2-M5-neural-director
module: hardware/v2/rtl/neural_director.v
configuration: N_SLOTS=2 (sim), N_SLOTS=4 (synth default),
  QUEUE_DEPTH=4 (sim), ADDR_WIDTH=23
action: M5 -- first-free job scheduler dispatching to N_SLOTS
  (memory_manager, neural_processor) pairs, with a parametric-depth
  ready queue.
command (sim, Verilator): verilator --binary --timing -j 0 -Wno-fatal
  --top-module tb -o /tmp/vtb_dir hardware/v2/rtl/neural_processor.v
  hardware/v2/rtl/prefetch_engine.v hardware/v2/rtl/memory_manager.v
  hardware/v2/rtl/neural_director.v hardware/v2/sim/tb_neural_director.v
  && /tmp/vtb_dir
command (synth): yosys -p "synth_ecp5 -json .../top.json -top
  neural_director" hardware/v2/rtl/neural_director.v (standalone, real
  resource counts); harness_neural_director.v (see errors.log
  ERR-0005 pattern) for real P&R Fmax.
result:
  SIMULATED (N_SLOTS=2, tb_neural_director.v): 4/4 tests PASS --
    3 jobs submitted to 2 slots (first two dispatch immediately,
    first-free; third correctly WAITS in the ready queue until a slot
    frees, then auto-dispatches), each result independently verified;
    a deliberate 2-long-job burst forces the ready queue to genuinely
    fill (job_in_ready correctly deasserts after exactly QUEUE_DEPTH
    queued jobs while both slots are kept busy) and recover once
    slots/queue drain.
  SYNTHESIZED (standalone, N_SLOTS=4): 0 CHECK problems, 382 LUT4,
    366 TRELLIS_FF, 4 CCU2C, 0 DSP.
  POST-P&R (via harness, real Fmax): 250.50 MHz, PASS at 80MHz with
    large margin.
errors: two real testbench bugs found and fixed during bring-up (not
  RTL bugs): (1) sim_byte_mem's DEPTH parameter (1024) was smaller
  than the test's own address range (up to 0x703=1795), an
  out-of-bounds array access silently returning garbage; (2) the
  initial completion-wait loop exited as soon as ANY ONE of three
  jobs' result bytes changed, not all three -- fixed by counting
  job_out_done pulses instead of polling result memory directly.
decision: see decisions.log DEC-0007 (reduced 4-state FSM; dependency
  handling deferred to M6; per-slot independent behavioral memory
  instead of shared real PSRAM, deferred to when backend arbitration
  is actually needed).
next_action: M6 -- dependency_manager.v (ready/waiting queue,
  dependency counters, wake-up, producer tracking) -- the first
  milestone where job READINESS itself, not just free-slot dispatch,
  becomes the Director's actual gating condition.

EXP-0007
timestamp: 2026-09-05T18:00:00Z
git_commit: 2e4cedc (+ uncommitted M6 work)
session: v2-M6-dependency-manager
module: hardware/v2/rtl/dependency_manager.v
configuration: N_NODES=8 (sim), N_NODES=16 (synth default),
  MAX_DEPS=4, ADDR_WIDTH=23
action: M6 -- dependency-count tracking table (node_id/state/
  required_dependencies/resolved_dependencies/producer_ids, §10
  exact field list), first-found-ready dispatch to the Director.
command (sim, Verilator): verilator --binary --timing -j 0 -Wno-fatal
  --top-module tb -o /tmp/vtb_dep hardware/v2/rtl/dependency_manager.v
  hardware/v2/sim/tb_dependency_manager.v && /tmp/vtb_dep
command (synth/timing): yosys -p "synth_ecp5 -json .../top.json -top
  dependency_manager" hardware/v2/rtl/dependency_manager.v;
  nextpnr-ecp5 --45k --package CABGA381 --speed 8 --freq 80
  --lpf-allow-unconstrained (no timing harness needed this time --
  module's ports fit within the TRELLIS_IO budget as a bare top-level).
result:
  SIMULATED: 4/4 tests PASS on a small hand-built DAG (node0, node1:
    no dependencies; node2: depends on BOTH node0 and node1 --
    "dipendenze multiple"; node3: depends on node0 ALONE -- "risultati
    condivisi... piu' consumer"): node0/node1 dispatch immediately;
    node3 becomes READY the cycle node0's producer_done arrives (before
    node1 completes); node2 stays WAITING until BOTH node0 AND node1
    have completed, confirmed by an explicit negative check (still
    WAITING after only one of its two dependencies resolved).
  SYNTHESIZED: 0 CHECK problems, 763 LUT4, 474 TRELLIS_FF, 0 DSP,
    0 CCU2C.
  POST-P&R (real, no harness needed): Fmax = 155.30 MHz, PASS at
    80MHz.
errors: one testbench syntax error (nested nonblocking nested-
  replication `{(N){M{1'b0}}}` needs an extra brace level, Verilator
  correctly rejected it) -- fixed by building reg_producer_ids via
  explicit bit-slice assignment instead of one big concatenation
  expression. Not an RTL bug.
decision: see decisions.log DEC-0008 (no value forwarding yet, no
  slot reclamation yet -- both explicitly deferred, not missing by
  oversight).
next_action: M7 -- dataflow_core.v, integrating Director + Dependency
  Manager + Memory Manager + Processor Array + Buffers into one top-
  level module for the first time.

[2026-09-05] EXP-0008 -- hardware/v2/rtl/dataflow_core.v (M7, full
M1-M6 integration)
test: hardware/v2/sim/tb_dataflow_core.v -- a 3-node DAG (node0/node1
  independent, node2 depends on BOTH) run through the REAL
  dependency_manager -> neural_director -> N_SLOTS x (memory_manager +
  neural_processor) chain end-to-end for the first time, each slot
  backed by its own independent behavioral byte memory (shared real
  PSRAM arbitration explicitly deferred to M8, decisions.log DEC-0009)
simulator: Verilator 5.050 (--binary --timing)
PASS/FAIL:
  SIMULATED: 4/4 PASS -- node0=48, node1=8 (correct real
    neural_processor computations via the full stack), node2=40
    dispatched only after BOTH node0 and node1 genuinely completed
    (continuously polled every cycle, not just checked at the end).
  SYNTHESIZED (via harness_dataflow_core.v -- see errors.log ERR-0005):
    N_SLOTS=2: 0 CHECK problems, LUT4=2127, CCU2C=248, TRELLIS_FF=2505,
      MULT18X18D=16, DP16KD=0.
    N_SLOTS=4: 0 CHECK problems, LUT4=3953, CCU2C=500, TRELLIS_FF=4688,
      MULT18X18D=32, DP16KD=0.
  POST-P&R (real, harness-based): N_SLOTS=2 Fmax=165.15 MHz,
    N_SLOTS=4 Fmax=133.19 MHz -- both PASS at 80MHz.
errors: one Yosys build-script usage quirk (chparam ordering against
  a non-top module vs synth_ecp5's own internal re-hierarchy pass) --
  see errors.log ERR-0007. Not an RTL bug; no dataflow_core.v or
  harness_dataflow_core.v source change needed, only the build command
  itself.
decision: see decisions.log DEC-0009 (no M3 buffers wired in yet, no
  shared-PSRAM arbitration across slots yet -- both explicitly
  deferred to M8/a future measurement-driven decision, not missing by
  oversight).
next_action: M8 -- PSRAM integration. Wire the real (unmodified) V1
  PSRAM backend chain (int8_memory_access -> memory_interface ->
  psram_controller) end-to-end through dataflow_core, and design/
  measure whatever N_SLOTS>1 arbitration across ONE physical PSRAM
  port actually requires.

[2026-09-05] EXP-0009 -- hardware/v2/rtl/neural_multiprocessor.v (M8,
real PSRAM integration)
test: hardware/v2/sim/tb_neural_multiprocessor.v -- same 3-node DAG as
  EXP-0008, now routed through the REAL, UNMODIFIED V1 PSRAM backend
  chain shared across N_SLOTS=2 genuinely concurrent memory_manager
  instances via the new slot_mem_arbiter.v
simulator: Verilator 5.050 (--binary --timing)
PASS/FAIL:
  SIMULATED: 4/4 PASS after fixing a real dropped-request bug in the
    arbiter's first draft (errors.log ERR-0008) -- 444 cycles
    end-to-end. hardware/v2/sim/tb_memory_manager.v (M4, untouched)
    re-confirmed 3/3 PASS, no regression.
  SYNTHESIZED (real standalone top-level, no harness needed -- 157
    port bits, real PSRAM pins keep it under the TRELLIS_IO budget):
    0 CHECK problems, LUT4=3145, CCU2C=388, TRELLIS_FF=3659,
    MULT18X18D=16, DP16KD=0.
  POST-P&R (real): Fmax=142.45 MHz -- PASS at 80MHz.
errors: one real RTL bug (errors.log ERR-0008) -- the first arbiter
  draft silently dropped a request pulse arriving during contention;
  fixed with a per-port pending-request latch, the same "queue, don't
  drop" idiom already used by memory_manager's own pf_pending register
  (ERR-0006).
decision: see decisions.log DEC-0010 (fixed lowest-index priority
  arbitration, not fairness-balanced -- consistent with every other
  scheduling policy chosen so far in this roadmap; revisit only if
  M9's real measurement shows starvation actually matters).
next_action: M9 -- Full benchmark. Produce the V1-vs-V2 comparison
  table mandated by §32 (Fmax, LUT, FF, DSP, BRAM, MAC/cycle,
  cycles/neuron, neurons/s, stall %, memory/processor utilization,
  effective MAC/s), each number labeled THEORETICAL/SIMULATED/
  SYNTHESIZED/POST-P&R per §30.

[2026-09-05] EXP-0010 -- M9 Full benchmark: V1 vs V2 comparison table
(docs/v2-description.md §32)
test: not a new simulation -- a consolidation of real, already-
  measured data from hardware/v1/ (frozen, pre-certified) and V2's own
  M1-M8 logs (EXP-0001..EXP-0009), placed side-by-side on an
  apples-to-apples basis (both full-system, both PARALLEL=8/P_IN=8,
  both using the real unmodified V1 PSRAM backend).
result: see benchmark.log's own M9 entry for the full 12-row table.
  Headline: V2's full system (neural_multiprocessor, N_SLOTS=2) is
  142.45 MHz POST-P&R (PASS @80MHz) vs V1's 68.65 MHz (FAIL @80MHz);
  166 vs 209 real simulated cycles for one neuron's 8-input dot
  product through the real PSRAM chain -- 2.6x wall-clock speedup,
  measured, not assumed.
errors: none this milestone (pure data consolidation, no new RTL).
decision: see decisions.log DEC-0011 -- 3 of the 12 §32 rows (stall %,
  memory utilization, processor utilization) are reported as NOT
  MEASURED rather than approximated, since a real number would require
  dedicated cycle-accounting instrumentation neither system has had
  built for it yet; approximating from partial data would violate
  §30's "no invented results" rule.
next_action: M10 -- Optimization, using the REAL data gathered in M1-
  M9 (not blind guessing): revisit memory_manager's +1-cycle/tile
  overhead (DEC-0006), the ACC_WIDTH 24-vs-32 Fmax question (EXP-0002,
  inconclusive without a seed sweep), the N_SLOTS x P_IN trade-off
  given the DSP ceiling (DEC-0005), dependency_manager's node-slot
  reclamation (DEC-0008), and slot_mem_arbiter's fixed-priority
  fairness question (DEC-0010) -- plus building the stall %/
  utilization instrumentation DEC-0011 deferred, since M10 is exactly
  where that data becomes actionable.

[2026-09-05] EXP-0011/EXP-0012/EXP-0013 -- M10 Optimization, only on
data already gathered (docs/v2-description.md M10: "Solo sulla base
dei dati: pipeline; P_IN; numero processor; buffer; FIFO; scheduling;
prefetch; routing; memoria.")
test/result summary (full detail in synthesis.log/timing.log/
simulation.log/benchmark.log under the same EXP numbers):
  EXP-0011 ("numero processor" axis): dataflow_core N_SLOTS=8 real
    synthesis+P&R (via harness_dataflow_core.v) -- 92.63 MHz POST-P&R,
    PASS at 80MHz, DSP 64/72 (88.9%). Extends M7's N_SLOTS=2/4 sweep
    to the real ceiling DEC-0005 predicted. See decisions.log DEC-0012
    (N_SLOTS=8 recommended practical ceiling for P_IN=8).
  EXP-0012 ("pipeline" axis): ACC_WIDTH 24-vs-32, 6 real placement
    seeds each (reusing already-synthesized netlists, nextpnr-ecp5
    P&R only) -- ACC_WIDTH=24 wins on both mean Fmax (+6.2%) and
    variance (~3.4x tighter), resolving EXP-0002's single-seed
    inconclusiveness. See decisions.log DEC-0013 (ACC_WIDTH=24
    recommended new default).
  EXP-0013 ("scheduling"/"memoria" axes): testbench-only cycle-
    accounting instrumentation added to tb_neural_multiprocessor.v (no
    RTL touched) -- closes decisions.log DEC-0011's deferred stall %/
    utilization gap with real SIMULATED numbers (shared PSRAM port
    81.7% utilized, slot 0 95.2%, slot 1 65.2%, N_SLOTS=2 3-node DAG).
    No conclusive evidence of harmful fixed-priority starvation in
    this small a test (slot 0's higher utilization is at least partly
    explained by serving 2 sequential jobs vs slot 1's 1) --
    decisions.log DEC-0010's arbiter fairness question remains
    correctly deferred pending a larger, longer-running workload.
simulator: Verilator 5.050 (--binary --timing) for EXP-0013; Yosys +
  real nextpnr-ecp5 for EXP-0011/EXP-0012 (no new simulation needed,
  reused already-verified netlists/functional results).
PASS/FAIL: EXP-0013 4/4 PASS (unchanged from EXP-0009, instrumentation
  is additive-only). EXP-0011/EXP-0012 are synthesis/P&R measurements,
  not functional tests -- 0 synthesis problems, all P&R runs PASS at
  80MHz.
errors: none this milestone.
decision: see decisions.log DEC-0012 (N_SLOTS=8 ceiling) and DEC-0013
  (ACC_WIDTH=24 new default).
next_action: none mandated by docs/v2-description.md's own roadmap
  (§33 ends at M10) -- the 10-milestone V2 roadmap is now complete
  end-to-end, from M1's single neural_processor through M9's full
  V1-vs-V2 benchmark to M10's data-driven optimization findings.
  Remaining open items (all explicitly deferred by their own DEC
  entries, not oversights): dependency_manager node-slot reclamation
  (DEC-0008), slot_mem_arbiter fairness under sustained/larger
  contention (DEC-0010, now informed by EXP-0013's small-scale data),
  a P_IN<4 sweep at higher N_SLOTS (DEC-0012's alternative #2), M3
  buffer reuse as a shared cache once real bandwidth pressure is
  measured (DEC-0009), and V1-side stall%/utilization instrumentation
  to complete the M9 table's V1 column (DEC-0011).