USB/RMII cert lines and not_reviewed count fix (2.85.0).

USB D+/D− is one English certified/not-certified line vs the packed 90 Ω
cite. RMII ETH_RXD/TXD/TXEN is identified as PHY–MAC, not RJ45 100 Ω.
J2 missing-field L1/L2/L3 noise is silent. PCB AI failures go to
review_errors; not_reviewed count matches one designator per row.

periscope/src/backend/periscopex/af_trace_check.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import logging
 import math
+import re
 from collections import defaultdict
 
 from backend.periscopex.af_rlgc import cascade_sparam
@@ -24,8 +25,9 @@ from backend.periscopex.hf_line_check import COORD_QUANT_MM, ENDPOINT_SNAP_MM
 from backend.periscopex.impedance import GeometryError
 from backend.periscopex.impedance_traces import analyze_specified_nets
 from backend.periscopex.models import DesignGraph, Finding, LayoutGraph, LayoutVia
-from backend.periscopex.pcb_net_match import kicad_nets_match
-from backend.periscopex.si_check import partner_net
+from backend.periscopex.pcb_net_match import kicad_nets_match, refs_on_matched_net
+from backend.periscopex.protocol_catalog import load_catalog
+from backend.periscopex.si_check import bus_class, partner_net, phy_mac_kind, single_ended_eth_mac
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 SOURCE = "af_trace_check"
@@ -35,6 +37,200 @@ _WIDTH_STEP_MM = 0.05
 _PARALLEL_MIN_MM = 5.0
 
 
+_MDI_POL = re.compile(
+    r"^(?P<stem>.*(?:TX|RX|TD|RD|TRD\d|TP))(?P<pol>[PN])$",
+    re.I,
+)
+_GBE_RE = re.compile(r"1000\s*BASE|1000BASE|\bGBE\b|GIGABIT", re.I)
+_FAST_RE = re.compile(r"LAN8720|10\s*/\s*100|100BASE|10BASE|BASE[\s\-]?TX", re.I)
+
+
+def _mdi_mate(name: str) -> str | None:
+    """TXP/TXN and RXP/RXN, plus the existing _P/_N and +/- partners."""
+    m = _MDI_POL.match(name or "")
+    if m:
+        pol = m.group("pol").upper()
+        return m.group("stem") + ("N" if pol == "P" else "P")
+    return partner_net(name)
+
+
+def _is_eth_mdi_net(net: str) -> bool:
+    if single_ended_eth_mac(net):
+        return False
+    return bus_class(net) == "eth_mdi"
+
+
+def _coalesce_eth_pairs(units: list[AfUnit]) -> list[AfUnit]:
+    """Treat each RJ45/PHY MDI pair as one unit, including TXP/TXN names."""
+    by_net = {n: u for u in units for n in u.nets}
+    out: list[AfUnit] = []
+    seen: set[str] = set()
+    for unit in units:
+        if unit.nets[0] in seen:
+            continue
+        if len(unit.nets) == 1 and _is_eth_mdi_net(unit.nets[0]):
+            mate = _mdi_mate(unit.nets[0])
+            other = by_net.get(mate or "")
+            if mate and other is not None and mate not in seen:
+                nets = tuple(sorted((unit.nets[0], mate)))
+                seen.update(nets)
+                length = max(unit.length_mm, other.length_mm)
+                out.append(AfUnit(nets=nets, length_mm=length, bus="eth_mdi"))
+                continue
+        if all(_is_eth_mdi_net(n) for n in unit.nets):
+            seen.update(unit.nets)
+            out.append(AfUnit(
+                nets=tuple(sorted(unit.nets)),
+                length_mm=unit.length_mm,
+                bus="eth_mdi",
+            ))
+            continue
+        seen.update(unit.nets)
+        out.append(unit)
+    return out
+
+
+def _eth_speed(graph: DesignGraph, nets: tuple[str, ...]) -> str | None:
+    """10/100 or gbe from the PHY/jack actually on these nets. Else None."""
+    bits: list[str] = []
+    for net in nets:
+        for ref in refs_on_matched_net(graph, net):
+            comp = graph.components.get(ref)
+            if comp is None:
+                continue
+            bits.extend([
+                comp.mpn or "", comp.value or "", comp.footprint or "",
+                comp.component_subtype or "",
+            ])
+            row = (graph.bom_fields or {}).get(ref) or {}
+            for key in ("description", "Description", "value", "Value"):
+                if row.get(key):
+                    bits.append(str(row.get(key)))
+    text = " ".join(bits)
+    if _GBE_RE.search(text):
+        return "gbe"
+    if _FAST_RE.search(text):
+        return "10/100"
+    return None
+
+
+def _eth_cite(speed: str) -> tuple[float, str] | None:
+    """Packed cable_channel ohm for the identified speed. Nothing invented."""
+    want = "1000base-t-mdi" if speed == "gbe" else "100base-tx-mdi"
+    cat = load_catalog()
+    for iface in cat.physical_interfaces:
+        if iface.id != want:
+            continue
+        for c in iface.constraints:
+            if c.parameter != "cable_channel" or c.unit != "ohm" or c.value is None:
+                continue
+            src = c.source
+            doc = (src.document if src and src.document else "IEEE Std 802.3")
+            section = (src.section if src and src.section else "")
+            if speed == "gbe":
+                label = f"{doc} Clause 40 (§{section})" if section else f"{doc} Clause 40"
+            else:
+                label = (
+                    f"{doc} 100BASE-TX 25.4.9 (§{section})"
+                    if section else f"{doc} 100BASE-TX 25.4.9"
+                )
+            return float(c.value), label
+    return None
+
+
+def _pair_z_ohm(layout: LayoutGraph, unit: AfUnit) -> float | None:
+    """One Z for the pair. None when stackup or geometry cannot produce it."""
+    if layout.stackup is None or len(unit.nets) < 2:
+        return None
+    samples = _samples(layout, unit)
+    vals = _z_vals(samples, True)
+    if not vals:
+        return None
+    return sum(vals) / len(vals)
+
+
+def _ethernet_mdi_finding(
+    graph: DesignGraph,
+    layout: LayoutGraph,
+    unit: AfUnit,
+) -> Finding:
+    """Calculated pair Z vs the cited clause for the speed on the board.
+
+    Inside → PASS. Outside → FAIL. Cannot calculate → ERROR.
+    """
+    speed = _eth_speed(graph, unit.nets)
+    cite = _eth_cite(speed) if speed else None
+    measured = _pair_z_ohm(layout, unit)
+    label = _label(unit)
+    if cite is None:
+        text = (
+            f"Ethernet not certified — because the speed on {label} is not "
+            "identified on the PHY/jack, so no cited clause was applied."
+        )
+        req = "Pair Z is certified only against the cited clause for the identified speed."
+        rec = "Identify the PHY/jack speed. No ohm value is assumed."
+        return _finding(
+            rule_id="PE-AF-002", unit=unit, finding=text,
+            facts=f"nets={label}; speed=unidentified; measured=none.",
+            requirement=req, rec=rec, status="ERROR", cls="RULE",
+            evidence="SUFFICIENT", provenance="MANDATORY",
+        )
+    limit, cite_label = cite
+    req = f"Cited limit {limit:g} Ω, {cite_label}."
+    if measured is None:
+        missing: list[str] = []
+        if len(unit.nets) < 2:
+            missing.append("pair")
+        if layout.stackup is None:
+            missing.append("stackup")
+        else:
+            missing.append("geometry")
+        miss = "/".join(missing)
+        text = (
+            "Ethernet not certified — because Z cannot be calculated from the "
+            f"PCB stackup/geometry ({miss} missing). Cited {limit:g} Ω ({cite_label})."
+        )
+        rec = (
+            f"Pair Z was not calculated ({miss} missing). "
+            f"Cited {limit:g} Ω ({cite_label})."
+        )
+        return _finding(
+            rule_id="PE-AF-002", unit=unit, finding=text,
+            facts=f"nets={label}; speed={speed}; missing={miss}; measured=none.",
+            requirement=req, rec=rec, status="ERROR", cls="RULE",
+            evidence="SUFFICIENT", provenance="MANDATORY",
+            calculation=f"no computed Z; cited {limit:g} Ω.",
+        )
+    inside = abs(measured - limit) <= 1e-6 * max(1.0, abs(limit))
+    if inside:
+        text = (
+            f"Ethernet certified — calculated Z {measured:g} Ω vs cited "
+            f"{limit:g} Ω ({cite_label})."
+        )
+        rec = f"Calculated pair Z matches cited {limit:g} Ω ({cite_label})."
+        return _finding(
+            rule_id="PE-AF-002", unit=unit, finding=text,
+            facts=f"nets={label}; speed={speed}; Z={measured:g} Ω; limit={limit:g} Ω.",
+            requirement=req, rec=rec, status="INFO", cls="INFO",
+            evidence="SUFFICIENT", provenance="MANDATORY",
+            calculation=f"pair Z {measured:g} Ω compared to {limit:g} Ω.",
+        )
+    text = (
+        f"Ethernet not certified — because Z {measured:g} Ω is outside cited "
+        f"{limit:g} Ω ({cite_label})."
+    )
+    rec = (
+        f"Calculated pair Z {measured:g} Ω is outside cited {limit:g} Ω ({cite_label})."
+    )
+    return _finding(
+        rule_id="PE-AF-002", unit=unit, finding=text,
+        facts=f"nets={label}; speed={speed}; Z={measured:g} Ω; limit={limit:g} Ω.",
+        requirement=req, rec=rec, status="ERROR", cls="RULE",
+        evidence="SUFFICIENT", provenance="MANDATORY",
+        calculation=f"pair Z {measured:g} Ω compared to {limit:g} Ω.",
+    )
+
+
 def check_af_traces(
     graph: DesignGraph,
     constraints_map: dict,
@@ -50,7 +246,18 @@ def check_af_traces(
         if f.rule_id == "PE-SI-002" and f.net
     }
     zrows = _z_rows(impedance_nets)
-    for unit in iter_af_units(layout, graph):
+    rmii_nets: list[str] = []
+    for unit in _coalesce_eth_pairs(list(iter_af_units(layout, graph))):
+        if any(single_ended_eth_mac(n) or phy_mac_kind(n) == "rmii" for n in unit.nets):
+            if not any(_is_eth_mdi_net(n) for n in unit.nets):
+                rmii_nets.extend(unit.nets)
+                continue
+        if unit.bus == "eth_mdi":
+            if any(single_ended_eth_mac(n) for n in unit.nets):
+                rmii_nets.extend(unit.nets)
+                continue
+            out.append(_ethernet_mdi_finding(graph, layout, unit))
+            continue
         trig = evaluate_trigger(graph, constraints_map, layout, unit)
         if trig.missing and not trig.af:
             out.append(_skip(unit, trig.missing))
@@ -58,10 +265,65 @@ def check_af_traces(
         if not trig.af:
             continue
         out.extend(_analyze_triggered(graph, constraints_map, layout, trig, zrows, seen_si_z))
+    if rmii_nets:
+        out.append(_rmii_cert_finding(graph, rmii_nets))
     complete_findings(out)
     return out
 
 
+def _rmii_cert_finding(graph: DesignGraph, nets: list[str]) -> Finding:
+    """One line: PHY–MAC is RMII/MII, not RJ45 100 Ω. No invented ohm."""
+    uniq = sorted({n for n in nets if n})
+    label = " / ".join(uniq[:6]) + (" / …" if len(uniq) > 6 else "")
+    kinds = {phy_mac_kind(n) or "rmii" for n in uniq}
+    if kinds == {"mii"}:
+        iface = "MII"
+    elif "rgmii" in kinds and "rmii" not in kinds:
+        iface = "RGMII"
+    else:
+        iface = "RMII"
+    phy_refs = sorted({
+        ref
+        for net in uniq
+        for ref in refs_on_matched_net(graph, net)
+        if (graph.components.get(ref) or None) is not None
+        and "LAN8720" in (
+            (graph.components[ref].mpn or "") + (graph.components[ref].value or "")
+        ).upper()
+    })
+    host = phy_refs[0] if phy_refs else "layout"
+    text = (
+        f"{iface} certified — {label} identified as single-ended {iface} PHY–MAC "
+        "(not an RJ45/MDI 100 Ω differential pair). No invented ohm."
+    )
+    rec = (
+        f"Keep {iface} as single-ended PHY–MAC. Do not apply the MDI 100 Ω pair cite."
+    )
+    return Finding(
+        designator=host,
+        mpn="",
+        aspect="si",
+        finding=text,
+        facts=f"nets={label}; interface={iface}; phy={','.join(phy_refs) or '—'}.",
+        requirement=(
+            f"{iface} data/enable nets are single-ended MAC–PHY. "
+            "They are not certified against the RJ45/MDI 100 Ω clause."
+        ),
+        inference="Interface class from net names and PHY on the nets. No Z invented.",
+        why=text,
+        status="INFO",
+        recommendation=rec,
+        action=rec,
+        source=SOURCE,
+        rule_id="PE-AF-003",
+        finding_class="INFO",
+        provenance="TYPICAL",
+        evidence_status="SUFFICIENT",
+        net=uniq[0] if uniq else None,
+        pins=[],
+    )
+
+
 def _z_rows(impedance_nets: list[dict] | dict | None) -> list[dict]:
     raw = impedance_nets
     if isinstance(impedance_nets, dict):
@@ -75,12 +337,15 @@ def _label(unit: AfUnit) -> str:
 
 def _skip(unit: AfUnit, missing: tuple[str, ...], extra: str = "") -> Finding:
     miss = ", ".join(missing)
-    text = f"Pista ad alta frequenza non controllata per mancanza di {miss}."
+    text = (
+        f"HF not certified — because {miss} is missing on {_label(unit)}. "
+        "No invented ohm."
+    )
     if extra:
         text = f"{text} {extra}".strip()
     rec = (
-        f"Fornire {miss} dal datasheet o dallo stackup KiCad. "
-        "Non si assume 50 Ω o 90 Ω."
+        f"Provide {miss} from the datasheet or KiCad stackup. "
+        "50 Ω or 90 Ω is not assumed."
     )
     return Finding(
         designator="layout",
@@ -116,7 +381,9 @@ def _finding(
     cls: str = "RISK",
     evidence: str = "SUFFICIENT",
     calculation: str = "",
+    provenance: str = "",
 ) -> Finding:
+    prov = provenance or ("RECOMMENDED" if cls != "REVIEW" else "TYPICAL")
     return Finding(
         designator="layout",
         mpn="",
@@ -132,7 +399,7 @@ def _finding(
         source=SOURCE,
         rule_id=rule_id,
         finding_class=cls,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
-        provenance="RECOMMENDED" if cls != "REVIEW" else "TYPICAL",
+        provenance=prov,
         evidence_status=evidence,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
         net=unit.nets[0],
         pins=[],

periscope/src/backend/periscopex/bom_pcb_check.py

@@ -52,7 +52,8 @@ _MODULE_FP = re.compile(
     re.I,
 )
 _EP_PAD = re.compile(
-    r"^(?:EP|EXP|EPAD|PAD|TAB|TH|THERMAL|DIEPAD|THERMAL[\s_]?PAD)(?:[_-]?\d+)?$",
+    r"^(?:EP|EXP|EPAD|PAD|TAB|TH|THERMAL|DIEPAD|"
+    r"THERMAL[\s_]?PAD|EXPOSED[\s_]?PAD)(?:[_-]?\d+)?$",
     re.I,
 )
 _EP_SPLIT = re.compile(r"^\d+_\d+$")
@@ -112,6 +113,45 @@ def _is_ep_land(number: str, pinfunction: str = "", pin_count: int | None = None
     return False
 
 
+def _is_exposed_alias(name: str) -> bool:
+    """EP, EPAD, THERMAL PAD, exposed pad. Not a signal pin number."""
+    s = str(name or "").strip()
+    if not s:
+        return False
+    if _EP_PAD.match(s):
+        return True
+    compact = re.sub(r"[\s_\-]+", "", s).lower()
+    return compact in {"thermalpad", "exposedpad", "epad", "thermal"}
+
+
+def _ids_have_exposed(
+    ids: list[tuple[str, str]] | None,
+    pin_count: int | None,
+) -> bool:
+    if not ids:
+        return False
+    return any(_is_ep_land(n, pf, pin_count) for n, pf in ids)
+
+
+def _drop_exposed_name_mismatch(
+    miss: list[str],
+    extra: list[str],
+    *,
+    left_has: bool,
+    right_has: bool,
+) -> tuple[list[str], list[str]]:
+    """Same exposed pad under two names is not a missing/extra pin.
+
+    Datasheet EP with no exposed land on the other side stays a miss.
+    """
+    if not (left_has and right_has):
+        return miss, extra
+    return (
+        [m for m in miss if not _is_exposed_alias(m)],
+        [e for e in extra if not _is_exposed_alias(e)],
+    )
+
+
 def _is_shield_land(number: str, pinfunction: str = "") -> bool:
     s = str(number).strip()
     pf = str(pinfunction or "").strip()
@@ -273,6 +313,16 @@ def resolve_kicad_mod(
     return None
 
 
+def _lib_pad_ids(
+    footprint: str,
+    search_dirs: list[Path] | None,
+) -> list[tuple[str, str]] | None:
+    path = resolve_kicad_mod(footprint, search_dirs)
+    if path is None:
+        return None
+    return parse_kicad_mod_pads(path)
+
+
 def _lib_join_keys(
     footprint: str,
     *,
@@ -489,6 +539,10 @@ def _pinout_findings(
     declared = _declared_io_pins(pkg, cad)
     ep_count = declared or pin_count
     pcb = _join_keys_from_ids(pcb_ids, pin_count=ep_count, ds_keys=ds)
+    pcb_has_ep = _ids_have_exposed(pcb_ids, ep_count)
+    ds_has_ep = any(_is_exposed_alias(k) for k in ds)
+    lib_raw = _lib_pad_ids(fp_name, footprint_dirs)
+    lib_has_ep = _ids_have_exposed(lib_raw, ep_count)
     lib, lib_path = _lib_join_keys(
         fp_name, pin_count=ep_count, ds_keys=ds, search_dirs=footprint_dirs,
     )
@@ -522,8 +576,10 @@ def _pinout_findings(
         )
 
     if lib is not None:
-        miss_lib = sorted(ds - lib)
-        extra_lib = sorted(lib - ds)
+        miss_lib, extra_lib = _drop_exposed_name_mismatch(
+            sorted(ds - lib), sorted(lib - ds),
+            left_has=ds_has_ep, right_has=lib_has_ep,
+        )
         if miss_lib or extra_lib:
             rec = (
                 f"Change {ref}'s KiCad footprint library so pad names match "
@@ -547,8 +603,11 @@ def _pinout_findings(
             )
             if fnd:
                 out.append(fnd)
-        miss_emb = sorted(lib - pcb) if pcb else sorted(lib)
-        extra_emb = sorted(pcb - lib) if pcb else []
+        miss_emb, extra_emb = _drop_exposed_name_mismatch(
+            sorted(lib - pcb) if pcb else sorted(lib),
+            sorted(pcb - lib) if pcb else [],
+            left_has=lib_has_ep, right_has=pcb_has_ep,
+        )
         if pcb and (miss_emb or extra_emb):
             rec = (
                 f"Replace {ref}'s embedded PCB footprint so it matches the "
@@ -571,8 +630,10 @@ def _pinout_findings(
                 out.append(fnd)
         return out
     if pcb:
-        miss = sorted(ds - pcb)
-        extra = sorted(pcb - ds)
+        miss, extra = _drop_exposed_name_mismatch(
+            sorted(ds - pcb), sorted(pcb - ds),
+            left_has=ds_has_ep, right_has=pcb_has_ep,
+        )
         if miss or extra:
             rec = (
                 f"Fix {ref} pinout: PCB pad names vs datasheet pintable. "

periscope/src/backend/periscopex/esd_return_check.py

@@ -27,7 +27,14 @@ _NC_NET_RE = re.compile(
     re.I,
 )
 _ONBOARD_POWER_RE = re.compile(
-    r"^(?:GND|AGND|DGND|PGND|GNDA|VSYS|3V3|\+3V3|3\.3V)$",
+    r"^(?:GND|AGND|DGND|PGND|GNDA|VSYS|VCC\d*|VDD\d*|3V3|\+3V3|3\.3V)"
+    r"(?:[_./-].*)?$",
+    re.I,
+)
+_VBUS_LEAF_RE = re.compile(r"(?:^|[_./-])VBUS(?:$|[_./-])", re.I)
+_SPDIF_RE = re.compile(r"SP(?:DIF|IF)", re.I)
+_OPTICAL_RE = re.compile(
+    r"TOSLINK|OPTOCOUPL|OPTICAL|OPTODEVICE|\bAFBR\b|PHOTO[-_ ]?COUPL",
     re.I,
 )
 
@@ -57,6 +64,50 @@ def _skip_esd_net(net: str) -> bool:
     return False
 
 
+def _optical_evidence(graph: DesignGraph, comp) -> bool:
+    """Schematic/BOM/footprint shows TOSLINK, optocoupler, or optical."""
+    parts = [
+        comp.value or "",
+        comp.footprint or "",
+        comp.mpn or "",
+        comp.component_subtype or "",
+    ]
+    row = (graph.bom_fields or {}).get(comp.reference) or {}
+    for key in ("description", "Description", "value", "Value", "footprint", "Footprint"):
+        if row.get(key):
+            parts.append(str(row.get(key)))
+    return bool(_OPTICAL_RE.search(" ".join(parts)))
+
+
+def _esd_cite(cons, *, need_vbus: bool) -> str | None:
+    """Part + section/page quote. None when the datasheet is not cited."""
+    if cons is None:
+        return None
+    for rule in cons.layout_rules or []:
+        if not isinstance(rule, dict):
+            continue
+        blob = " ".join(
+            str(rule.get(k) or "")
+            for k in ("kind", "parameter", "note", "net", "pin", "requirement")
+        )
+        if "esd" not in blob.lower():
+            continue
+        if need_vbus and not re.search(r"vbus", blob, re.I):
+            continue
+        doc = str(
+            rule.get("document") or rule.get("part") or rule.get("source") or ""
+        ).strip()
+        section = str(rule.get("section") or "").strip()
+        page = str(rule.get("page") or "").strip()
+        if not doc or not (section or page):
+            continue
+        loc = section
+        if page:
+            loc = f"{loc} p.{page}".strip()
+        return f"{doc} {loc}".strip()
+    return None
+
+
 def _is_j_connector(comp) -> bool:
     if comp.component_type != ComponentType.CONNECTOR:
         return False
@@ -68,7 +119,8 @@ def check_esd(
     constraints_map: dict[str, ComponentConstraints] | None = None,
 ) -> list[Finding]:
     """One REVIEW per J* connector → IC net with no ESD part. No GPIO/NC/rail spam."""
-    _ = constraints_map
+    from backend.periscopex.constraints_lookup import match_constraints
+
     out: list[Finding] = []
     seen: set[tuple[str, str, str]] = set()
 
@@ -106,28 +158,64 @@ def check_esd(
                     (str(p) for p, n in ic.pins.items() if n and kicad_nets_match(n, net)),
                     "",
                 )
-                rec = (
-                    f"Add a datasheet-specified ESD device on {net} between "
-                    f"{j_ref} and {ic_ref}."
-                )
+                leaf = _net_leaf(net)
+                is_vbus = bool(_VBUS_LEAF_RE.search(leaf))
+                is_rail = bool(_ONBOARD_POWER_RE.match(leaf))
+                is_spdif = bool(_SPDIF_RE.search(leaf))
+                optical = _optical_evidence(graph, j_comp)
+                cons = match_constraints(ic.mpn or ic.value, constraints_map or {})
+                quote = _esd_cite(cons, need_vbus=is_vbus)
+                if is_spdif and optical:
+                    continue
+                if is_vbus and not quote:
+                    continue
+                if is_rail and not quote:
+                    continue
+                if is_spdif and not optical:
+                    finding = (
+                        f"{net} ({j_ref}–{ic_ref}) was not verified as optical "
+                        "S/PDIF."
+                    )
+                    rec = (
+                        f"Confirm whether {net} is photo-coupled "
+                        "(TOSLINK/optocoupler). The path was not verified as optical."
+                    )
+                    requirement = (
+                        "Optical S/PDIF is not an external copper signal. "
+                        "Without TOSLINK/optocoupler evidence the path stays visible."
+                    )
+                else:
+                    finding = (
+                        f"{net} is a {j_ref}–{ic_ref} path with no ESD/"
+                        "protection part on the net."
+                    )
+                    if quote:
+                        rec = (
+                            f"Add a datasheet-specified ESD device ({quote}) on "
+                            f"{net} between {j_ref} and {ic_ref}."
+                        )
+                        requirement = f"Cited ESD requirement: {quote}."
+                    else:
+                        rec = (
+                            f"Review board ESD on {net} between {j_ref} and {ic_ref}."
+                        )
+                        requirement = (
+                            "Connector–IC nets are reviewed for a board ESD part. "
+                            "No datasheet section is cited for this net."
+                        )
                 out.append(Finding(
                     designator=ic_ref,
                     mpn=ic.mpn or "",
                     aspect="esd",
-                    finding=(
-                        f"{net} is a {j_ref}–{ic_ref} path with no ESD/"
-                        "protection part on the net."
-                    ),
+                    finding=finding,
                     facts=(
                         f"Net {net}; connector={j_ref}.{j_pin}; IC={ic_ref}; "
                         "ESD parts on net: 0."
+                        + (f" cite={quote}." if quote else " cite=none.")
                     ),
-                    requirement=(
-                        "External ESD is recommended on connector–IC nets unless "
-                        "the extraction lists a mandatory clamp with a measured FACT."
-                    ),
+                    requirement=requirement,
                     inference="REVIEW — on-die esd_clamp_pins are not a board RULE.",
-                    why="Only J* ∩ IC nets; NC, unconnected, VSYS/GND/3V3 excluded.",
+                    why="Only J* ∩ IC nets; NC, unconnected, onboard rails excluded.",
                     status="WARNING",
                     recommendation=rec,
                     action=rec,

periscope/src/backend/periscopex/models.py

@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ class ValidationReport(BaseModel):
     coverage: dict[str, list[str]] = {}  # designator -> areas checked and found OK
     review_errors: dict[str, str] = {}   # designator -> error message for ICs whose review raised
     not_reviewed: list[dict] = []        # [{"designator","reason"}] — ICs skipped (e.g. no datasheet PDF)
-    # M0 protocol cert: empty instances / "nessun protocollo riconosciuto". No Z.
+    # M0 protocol cert: empty instances / "No protocol recognized.". No Z.
     protocol_certification: dict[str, Any] | None = None
 
 

periscope/src/backend/periscopex/pcb_checks.py

@@ -149,6 +149,52 @@ def check_pcb_derating(graph: DesignGraph) -> list[Finding]:
     return out
 
 
+def _expand_not_reviewed(rows: list) -> list[dict]:
+    """One designator per entry. Comma-joined refs become separate rows."""
+    out: list[dict] = []
+    for row in rows:
+        if not isinstance(row, dict):
+            continue
+        raw = str(row.get("designator") or "").strip()
+        reason = str(row.get("reason") or "").strip() or "not reviewed"
+        if not raw:
+            continue
+        parts = [p.strip() for p in raw.replace(";", ",").split(",") if p.strip()]
+        if not parts:
+            parts = [raw]
+        for ref in parts:
+            out.append({"designator": ref, "reason": reason})
+    return out
+
+
+def _merge_not_reviewed(
+    schema_nr: list,
+    pcb_nr: list,
+    covered: set[str],
+    review_errors: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+) -> list[dict]:
+    """Dedupe by designator. Drop ICs that were reviewed. Count == list length.
+
+    Legacy ``pcb_review error`` rows move into ``review_errors`` when possible
+    and are not kept as not-reviewed.
+    """
+    errors = review_errors if review_errors is not None else {}
+    merged: dict[str, str] = {}
+    for row in _expand_not_reviewed(list(schema_nr or []) + list(pcb_nr or [])):
+        ref = row["designator"]
+        if ref in covered:
+            continue
+        reason = row["reason"]
+        if reason == "pcb_review error":
+            errors.setdefault(ref, "pcb_review error")
+            continue
+        prev = merged.get(ref)
+        if prev and prev != "pcb_review error" and reason == "pcb_review error":
+            continue
+        merged[ref] = reason
+    return [{"designator": k, "reason": merged[k]} for k in sorted(merged)]
+
+
 def merge_schema_pcb_reports(
     schema: dict | None, pcb: dict | None,
 ) -> dict | None:
@@ -189,10 +235,17 @@ def merge_schema_pcb_reports(
         if st in summary:
             summary[st] = summary.get(st, 0) + 1
     out["summary"] = summary
+    covered = set((schema or {}).get("coverage") or {}) | set((pcb or {}).get("coverage") or {})
+    schema_err = dict((schema or {}).get("review_errors") or {})
+    pcb_err = dict((pcb or {}).get("review_errors") or {})
+    merged_err = {**schema_err, **pcb_err}
     schema_nr = list((schema or {}).get("not_reviewed") or [])
     pcb_nr = list((pcb or {}).get("not_reviewed") or [])
-    if schema_nr or pcb_nr:
-        out["not_reviewed"] = schema_nr + pcb_nr
+    out["not_reviewed"] = _merge_not_reviewed(schema_nr, pcb_nr, covered, merged_err)
+    if merged_err:
+        out["review_errors"] = merged_err
+    elif "review_errors" in out and not out["review_errors"]:
+        out.pop("review_errors", None)
     return out
 
 

periscope/src/backend/periscopex/protocol_catalog.py

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ CATALOG_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent / "protocol_data"
 CATALOG_PATH = CATALOG_DIR / "catalog.json"
 SCHEMA_PATH = CATALOG_DIR / f"schema-{SCHEMA_VERSION}.json"
 
-EMPTY_PROTOCOL_MESSAGE = "nessun protocollo riconosciuto"
+EMPTY_PROTOCOL_MESSAGE = "No protocol recognized."
 
 BusType = Literal[
     "MEMORY",
@@ -582,9 +582,19 @@ DOC_USB_LSFS = (
     "Universal Serial Bus Specification Revision 2.0 §7 (field not a single PCB number)"
 )
 DOC_USB_PD_VSAFE = (
-    "USB Power Delivery specification vSafe5V (not on file; Type-C CabCon R2.5 names vSafe5V "
-    "and tVBUSON as the minimum vSafe5V threshold without restating the volt range. "
-    "Type-C Current charger 4.75–5.5 V is not vSafe5V)"
+    "USB Power Delivery Specification (USB-IF; not on file). "
+    "USB Type-C Cable and Connector Specification Release 2.5, March 2026 "
+    "§1.6 p.35: vSafe5V is VBUS “5 volts” as defined by the USB PD specification "
+    "(no volt range restated). "
+    "Alta Frequenza zip snla027b.pdf (AN-807 Reflections SNLA027B–May 2004–Revised May 2004) "
+    "and sdaa499.pdf (Simple Methods to Reduce EMI from a PCB Trace, SDAA499 – September 2026) "
+    "do not state vSafe5V. Type-C Current charger Figure 4-39 4.75–5.5 V is not vSafe5V."
+)
+DOC_USB_PD_VSAFE0 = (
+    "USB Power Delivery Specification (USB-IF; not on file). "
+    "USB Type-C Cable and Connector Specification Release 2.5, March 2026 "
+    "§1.6 p.35: vSafe0V is VBUS “0 volts” as defined by the USB PD specification "
+    "(no volt range restated). Alta Frequenza TI SI PDFs do not state vSafe0V."
 )
 DOC_IEEE_8023 = "IEEE 802.3 (clause for this variant; not on file)"
 DOC_IEEE_2012 = "IEEE Std 802.3-2012 IEEE Standard for Ethernet"
@@ -1173,6 +1183,10 @@ def build_m0_catalog() -> dict[str, Any]:
             pid, "vsafe5v", "UNKNOWN",
             needed_document=DOC_USB_PD_VSAFE,
         ))
+        out.append(_c(
+            pid, "vsafe0v", "UNKNOWN",
+            needed_document=DOC_USB_PD_VSAFE0,
+        ))
         return out
 
     def _eth_cons(pid: str, lid: str) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
@@ -1949,7 +1963,7 @@ def build_m0_catalog() -> dict[str, Any]:
         hints=["USB_C", "TYPE_C", "CC1", "CC2"],
         notes=(
             "USB Type-C connector/interface system. Not USB 2.0/3.x/USB4 protocol. "
-            "Rp/Rd/Ra from CabCon R2.5 Tables 4-27/4-28/4-29. VBUS volts still USB PD vSafe5V."
+            "Rp/Rd/Ra from CabCon R2.5 Tables 4-27/4-28/4-29. Figure 4-39 charger volts are not vSafe5V. USB PD vSafe still not on file."
         ),
     ))
     usb2_over_c = _usb2_cons("usb-c-usb2-receptacle", speed="hs")

periscope/src/backend/periscopex/protocol_data/catalog.json

@@ -2930,10 +2930,25 @@
           "conditions": [],
           "value_origin": "SPEC",
           "typical": false,
-          "needed_document": "USB Power Delivery specification vSafe5V (not on file; Type-C CabCon R2.5 names vSafe5V and tVBUSON as the minimum vSafe5V threshold without restating the volt range. Type-C Current charger 4.75\u20135.5 V is not vSafe5V)"
+          "needed_document": "USB Power Delivery Specification (USB-IF; not on file). USB Type-C Cable and Connector Specification Release 2.5, March 2026 \u00a71.6 p.35: vSafe5V is VBUS \u201c5 volts\u201d as defined by the USB PD specification (no volt range restated). Alta Frequenza zip snla027b.pdf (AN-807 Reflections SNLA027B\u2013May 2004\u2013Revised May 2004) and sdaa499.pdf (Simple Methods to Reduce EMI from a PCB Trace, SDAA499 \u2013 September 2026) do not state vSafe5V. Type-C Current charger Figure 4-39 4.75\u20135.5 V is not vSafe5V."
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "usb-c-receptacle-vsafe0v",
+          "parameter": "vsafe0v",
+          "value_kind": "UNKNOWN",
+          "mandatory": "MANDATORY",
+          "source_type": "STANDARD",
+          "source_class": "NORMATIVE",
+          "value": null,
+          "unit": null,
+          "source": null,
+          "conditions": [],
+          "value_origin": "SPEC",
+          "typical": false,
+          "needed_document": "USB Power Delivery Specification (USB-IF; not on file). USB Type-C Cable and Connector Specification Release 2.5, March 2026 \u00a71.6 p.35: vSafe0V is VBUS \u201c0 volts\u201d as defined by the USB PD specification (no volt range restated). Alta Frequenza TI SI PDFs do not state vSafe0V."
         }
       ],
-      "notes": "USB Type-C connector/interface system. Not USB 2.0/3.x/USB4 protocol. Rp/Rd/Ra from CabCon R2.5 Tables 4-27/4-28/4-29. VBUS volts still USB PD vSafe5V.",
+      "notes": "USB Type-C connector/interface system. Not USB 2.0/3.x/USB4 protocol. Rp/Rd/Ra from CabCon R2.5 Tables 4-27/4-28/4-29. Figure 4-39 charger volts are not vSafe5V. USB PD vSafe still not on file.",
       "incomplete": false
     },
     {
@@ -3902,7 +3917,22 @@
           "conditions": [],
           "value_origin": "SPEC",
           "typical": false,
-          "needed_document": "USB Power Delivery specification vSafe5V (not on file; Type-C CabCon R2.5 names vSafe5V and tVBUSON as the minimum vSafe5V threshold without restating the volt range. Type-C Current charger 4.75\u20135.5 V is not vSafe5V)"
+          "needed_document": "USB Power Delivery Specification (USB-IF; not on file). USB Type-C Cable and Connector Specification Release 2.5, March 2026 \u00a71.6 p.35: vSafe5V is VBUS \u201c5 volts\u201d as defined by the USB PD specification (no volt range restated). Alta Frequenza zip snla027b.pdf (AN-807 Reflections SNLA027B\u2013May 2004\u2013Revised May 2004) and sdaa499.pdf (Simple Methods to Reduce EMI from a PCB Trace, SDAA499 \u2013 September 2026) do not state vSafe5V. Type-C Current charger Figure 4-39 4.75\u20135.5 V is not vSafe5V."
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "usb-c-usb2-receptacle-vsafe0v",
+          "parameter": "vsafe0v",
+          "value_kind": "UNKNOWN",
+          "mandatory": "MANDATORY",
+          "source_type": "STANDARD",
+          "source_class": "NORMATIVE",
+          "value": null,
+          "unit": null,
+          "source": null,
+          "conditions": [],
+          "value_origin": "SPEC",
+          "typical": false,
+          "needed_document": "USB Power Delivery Specification (USB-IF; not on file). USB Type-C Cable and Connector Specification Release 2.5, March 2026 \u00a71.6 p.35: vSafe0V is VBUS \u201c0 volts\u201d as defined by the USB PD specification (no volt range restated). Alta Frequenza TI SI PDFs do not state vSafe0V."
         },
         {
           "id": "usb-c-usb2-receptacle-cc_rd_rp",

periscope/src/backend/periscopex/protocol_l0.py

@@ -13,8 +13,18 @@ from typing import Any, Literal
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 
 from backend.periscopex.finding_engine import complete_finding
-from backend.periscopex.models import DesignGraph, Finding, LayoutGraph
-from backend.periscopex.pcb_net_match import normalize_kicad_hierarchy_net
+from backend.periscopex.models import (
+    Component,
+    ComponentType,
+    DesignGraph,
+    Finding,
+    LayoutGraph,
+    ResistorSpecs,
+)
+from backend.periscopex.pcb_net_match import (
+    normalize_kicad_hierarchy_net,
+    refs_on_matched_net,
+)
 from backend.periscopex.protocol_catalog import (
     SCHEMA_VERSION,
     PhysicalInterface,
@@ -47,7 +57,8 @@ L0_CHECKS = frozenset({
     "superspeed_pairs",
 })
 
-_CC_RE = re.compile(r"(?:^|[_/.])CC[12]$", re.I)
+_OHM_EMBEDDED = re.compile(r"^(\d+)([RKMG])(\d+)$", re.I)
+_OHM_SUFFIX = re.compile(r"^(\d*\.?\d+)([RKMG])$", re.I)
 _VBUS_RE = re.compile(r"VBUS|\+?VUSB|USB_VBUS", re.I)
 _GND_RE = re.compile(r"(?:^|[_/.])(?:GND|VSS|DGND)(?:$|[_/.])", re.I)
 _SS_RE = re.compile(r"SSTX|SSRX|SS_T[XR]|USB3|USB_SS", re.I)
@@ -160,6 +171,156 @@ def certify_instance_l0(
     return out
 
 
+def _parse_ohms(raw: str | None) -> float | None:
+    t = (raw or "").strip().upper().replace("OHMS", "").replace("OHM", "")
+    t = t.replace("Ω", "").replace(" ", "")
+    if not t:
+        return None
+    m = _OHM_EMBEDDED.match(t)
+    if m:
+        mult = {"R": 1.0, "K": 1e3, "M": 1e6, "G": 1e9}[m.group(2)]
+        return (float(m.group(1)) + float(f"0.{m.group(3)}")) * mult
+    m = _OHM_SUFFIX.match(t)
+    if m:
+        mult = {"R": 1.0, "K": 1e3, "M": 1e6, "G": 1e9}[m.group(2)]
+        return float(m.group(1)) * mult
+    try:
+        return float(t)
+    except ValueError:
+        return None
+
+
+def _resistor_ohms(comp: Component) -> float | None:
+    specs = comp.specs
+    if isinstance(specs, ResistorSpecs) and specs.value_ohms > 0:
+        return float(specs.value_ohms)
+    return _parse_ohms(comp.value)
+
+
+def _rd_cite() -> tuple[float | None, str]:
+    """CabCon Rd already packed. No other USB number is introduced here."""
+    cat = load_catalog()
+    chosen = None
+    fallback = None
+    for iface in cat.physical_interfaces:
+        if iface.id not in {"usb-c-usb2-receptacle", "usb-c-receptacle"}:
+            continue
+        for c in iface.constraints:
+            if c.parameter == "rd" and c.value is not None:
+                if iface.id == "usb-c-usb2-receptacle":
+                    chosen = c
+                elif fallback is None:
+                    fallback = c
+    chosen = chosen or fallback
+    if chosen is None or chosen.value is None:
+        return None, "CabCon Rd cite is not in the protocol pack."
+    src = chosen.source
+    bits = []
+    if src and src.document:
+        bits.append(src.document)
+    if src and src.revision:
+        bits.append(src.revision)
+    if src and src.section:
+        bits.append(f"§{src.section}")
+    if src and src.table:
+        bits.append(src.table)
+    if src and src.page:
+        bits.append(f"p.{src.page}")
+    nominal = "nominal 5.1 kΩ" if any(
+        "5.1" in (cond or "") for cond in (chosen.conditions or [])
+    ) else f"{chosen.value:g} {chosen.unit or 'ohm'}"
+    cite = ", ".join(bits) if bits else chosen.id
+    return float(chosen.value), f"{cite}; {nominal}"
+
+
+def _cc_pin_pairs(comp: Component) -> list[tuple[str, str | None]]:
+    """Receptacle CC pins. A5/B5 are the Type-C CC contacts, not net names."""
+    pins = {str(k).upper(): v for k, v in comp.pins.items()}
+    if "A5" in pins or "B5" in pins:
+        return [("A5", pins.get("A5")), ("B5", pins.get("B5"))]
+    if "CC1" in pins or "CC2" in pins:
+        return [("CC1", pins.get("CC1")), ("CC2", pins.get("CC2"))]
+    return []
+
+
+def _typec_receptacle(graph: DesignGraph, inst: PhysicalBusInstance) -> Component | None:
+    found: list[Component] = []
+    for comp in graph.components.values():
+        if comp.component_type != ComponentType.CONNECTOR:
+            continue
+        if _cc_pin_pairs(comp):
+            found.append(comp)
+    if not found:
+        return None
+    for comp in found:
+        if comp.reference == inst.host_ref:
+            return comp
+    inst_nets = set(inst.nets)
+    for g in inst.groups:
+        inst_nets.update(g.nets)
+    for comp in found:
+        if inst_nets.intersection(v for v in comp.pins.values() if v):
+            return comp
+    return found[0]
+
+
+def _rd_refs_on_net(graph: DesignGraph, net: str, nominal: float) -> list[str]:
+    """Resistors on this net whose value is the packed Rd (float slack 1 Ω)."""
+    hits: list[str] = []
+    for ref in refs_on_matched_net(graph, net):
+        comp = graph.components.get(ref)
+        if comp is None or comp.component_type != ComponentType.RESISTOR:
+            continue
+        ohms = _resistor_ohms(comp)
+        if ohms is not None and abs(ohms - nominal) <= 1.0:
+            hits.append(ref)
+    return hits
+
+
+def _cc_rd_on_pins(
+    graph: DesignGraph,
+    inst: PhysicalBusInstance,
+    mand: MandatoryClass,
+) -> L0CheckResult:
+    """Pin → net → Rd. The net does not have to be named CC1/CC2."""
+    nominal, cite = _rd_cite()
+    jack = _typec_receptacle(graph, inst)
+    if jack is None or nominal is None:
+        return _pack(
+            "cc_rd_rp", "FAIL", mand,
+            notes=(
+                "Type-C CC pins were not followed to an Rd. "
+                f"{cite}"
+            ),
+        )
+    pairs = _cc_pin_pairs(jack)
+    nets: list[str] = []
+    missing: list[str] = []
+    present: list[str] = []
+    for pin, net in pairs:
+        if not net:
+            missing.append(f"{jack.reference}.{pin} has no net")
+            continue
+        nets.append(net)
+        refs = _rd_refs_on_net(graph, net, nominal)
+        if refs:
+            present.append(f"{jack.reference}.{pin} net {net} Rd {', '.join(refs)}")
+        else:
+            missing.append(
+                f"{jack.reference}.{pin} net {net} has no {nominal:g} Ω Rd"
+            )
+    if missing or len(present) < 2:
+        detail = "; ".join(missing) if missing else "both CC pins need an Rd"
+        return _pack(
+            "cc_rd_rp", "FAIL", mand, nets=nets,
+            notes=f"{detail}. {cite}. Net name is not required.",
+        )
+    return _pack(
+        "cc_rd_rp", "PASS", mand, nets=nets,
+        notes=f"{'; '.join(present)}. {cite}.",
+    )
+
+
 def _run_l0_check(
     graph: DesignGraph,
     inst: PhysicalBusInstance,
@@ -212,11 +373,7 @@ def _run_l0_check(
         ok, msg = _structural_nets_ok(graph, clocks)
         return _pack(check, "PASS" if ok else "FAIL", mand, nets=clocks, notes=msg)
     if check == "cc_rd_rp":
-        ccs = [n for n in graph.nets if _CC_RE.search(_leaf(n))]
-        if len(ccs) < 1:
-            return _pack(check, "FAIL", mand, notes="CC1/CC2 net not present.")
-        ok, msg = _structural_nets_ok(graph, ccs)
-        return _pack(check, "PASS" if ok else "FAIL", mand, nets=ccs, notes=msg)
+        return _cc_rd_on_pins(graph, inst, mand)
     if check == "vbus_gnd":
         vbus = [n for n in graph.nets if _VBUS_RE.search(_leaf(n))]
         gnd = [n for n in graph.nets if _GND_RE.search(_leaf(n))]

periscope/src/backend/periscopex/protocol_l1.py

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ Skew is compared only when the constraint is NUMERIC (length unit) or an
 explicit DESIGN LIMIT. Otherwise UNKNOWN / CONTROLLER_DEPENDENT /
 PHY_DEPENDENT / VENDOR_DEPENDENT. Length is not delay. Not electrical.
 RECOMMENDED never FAIL. Internal interfaces are NOT_APPLICABLE.
-Missing DQ/DQS grouping or missing PCB geometry is a visible skip, not PASS.
+Missing DQ/DQS grouping is a visible skip, not PASS. A geometric check
+with no NUMERIC or DESIGN millimetre limit does not warn: the standard
+did not set a mm limit, and one is not invented.
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
@@ -497,11 +499,14 @@ def l1_findings(inst: PhysicalBusInstance, results: list[L1CheckResult]) -> list
             finding = f"L1 geometric {r.check}: {r.notes}"
         elif skip_family:
             grouping = "grouping" in (r.notes or "").lower() or "dq/dqs" in (r.notes or "").lower()
+            if not grouping and r.limit_mm is None:
+                # No NUMERIC/DESIGN millimetre limit in the pack. Silence.
+                continue
             rule_id = "PE-PRT-L1-002" if grouping else "PE-PRT-L1-001"
             status = "WARNING"
             finding = r.notes or (
-                f"Interfaccia {inst.physical_interface_id} non certificata a L1 "
-                f"per {r.check} ({r.result}). Not electrical."
+                f"{inst.physical_interface_id} L1 {r.check} is {r.result}. "
+                "Geometric only, not electrical."
             )
         else:
             rule_id = "PE-PRT-L0-002"

periscope/src/backend/periscopex/protocol_l2.py

@@ -1,21 +1,23 @@
 """M4: L2 ELECTRICAL protocol certifier. Z, termination, levels, rise/fall.
 
-Z only from datasheet / stackup / fabricator / cited pack — never invented
-90 Ω USB. USB-IF/IEEE numbers only if the pack has a cite. Silicon cross is
-max PCB × PHY subset when datasheet windows exist. Length is not delay.
-Not L3 / OpenEMS. L0/L1 are not electrical certification.
-RECOMMENDED never FAIL. MISSING_SOURCE / UNKNOWN when cite is absent.
-Visible skip (PE-AF-002 style) when Z cannot be obtained.
+Z only from datasheet / stackup / fabricator / cited pack. USB 2.0 HS
+D+/D− pair Z is compared to the packed ``pcb_trace_nominal_zdiff``
+(RECOMMENDED). That number is not invented here and is not a MANDATORY
+FAIL. Silicon cross is max PCB × PHY subset when datasheet windows exist.
+A missing field (termination cite, rise/fall, return path, voltage) does
+not emit a warning. Length is not delay. Not L3 / OpenEMS.
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import math
 from typing import Any, Literal
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 
 from backend.periscopex.constraints_lookup import match_constraints
 from backend.periscopex.finding_engine import complete_finding
+from backend.periscopex.impedance import GeometryError, TraceGeometry, coupled_diff_z
 from backend.periscopex.models import (
     ComponentConstraints,
     ComponentType,
@@ -23,7 +25,6 @@ from backend.periscopex.models import (
     Finding,
     LayoutGraph,
 )
-from backend.periscopex.pcb_net_match import kicad_nets_match
 from backend.periscopex.protocol_catalog import (
     PhysicalInterface,
     ProtocolCatalog,
@@ -31,8 +32,10 @@ from backend.periscopex.protocol_catalog import (
     load_catalog,
     map_protocol_outcome,
 )
+from backend.periscopex.pcb_net_match import kicad_nets_match
 from backend.periscopex.protocol_l0 import _constraint_for, _mandatory
 from backend.periscopex.protocol_recognize import PhysicalBusInstance
+from backend.periscopex.si_check import single_ended_eth_mac
 
 PACK_MACROPHASE = "M4"
 SOURCE = "protocol_l2"
@@ -81,6 +84,8 @@ class L2CheckResult(BaseModel):
     notes: str = ""
     finding_class: str = ""
     status: str = ""
+    # "" legacy, "silent" no finding, "warn" one WARNING, "error" one ERROR.
+    emit: str = ""
 
 
 def _pack(
@@ -95,6 +100,7 @@ def _pack(
     limit_ohm_max: float | None = None,
     value_kind: str = "",
     notes: str = "",
+    emit: str = "",
 ) -> L2CheckResult:
     if result == "FAIL" and mandatory != "MANDATORY":
         result = "WARNING"
@@ -120,6 +126,7 @@ def _pack(
         notes=notes,
         finding_class=cls,
         status=status,
+        emit=emit,
     )
 
 
@@ -286,6 +293,24 @@ def _pack_ohm_window(cons: ProtocolConstraint | None) -> tuple[float, float] | N
     return None
 
 
+_NOISE_CHECKS = frozenset({
+    "differential_impedance",
+    "impedance",
+    "impedance_if_required",
+    "termination",
+    "cc_termination",
+    "voltage",
+    "levels",
+    "rise_time",
+    "fall_time",
+    "timing",
+    "return_path",
+    "magnetics",
+    "phy_requirements",
+    "ac_coupling",
+})
+
+
 def _skip_z(check: str, mand: MandatoryClass, inst: PhysicalBusInstance, kind: str) -> L2CheckResult:
     return _pack(
         check, "UNKNOWN" if kind not in {
@@ -294,10 +319,10 @@ def _skip_z(check: str, mand: MandatoryClass, inst: PhysicalBusInstance, kind: s
         } else kind,
         mand,
         value_kind=kind,
+        emit="silent",
         notes=(
-            f"Interfaccia {inst.physical_interface_id} non certificata a L2 "
-            f"per mancanza di Z (datasheet/stackup/fab/cited pack). "
-            f"Not USB/IEC folklore. L0/L1 are not electrical certification."
+            f"{inst.physical_interface_id} has no cited Z window "
+            "(datasheet, stackup, fabricator, or pack). Not a warning."
         ),
     )
 
@@ -349,8 +374,8 @@ def _run_l2_check(
         "differential_impedance", "impedance", "impedance_if_required",
     }:
         return _z_check(
-            check, mand, cons, kind, inst, graph, nets,
-            constraints_map, impedance_nets,
+            check, mand, cons, kind, inst, iface, graph, nets,
+            constraints_map, impedance_nets, layout,
         )
 
     if check in {"termination", "cc_termination"}:
@@ -362,10 +387,10 @@ def _run_l2_check(
     if check in {"rise_time", "fall_time", "timing"}:
         return _pack(
             check, "UNKNOWN" if kind in {"NUMERIC", "UNKNOWN", ""} else kind, mand,
-            nets=nets, value_kind=kind,
+            nets=nets, value_kind=kind, emit="silent",
             notes=(
-                "Length is not delay. Rise/fall/timing UNKNOWN without a cited "
-                "time source (no tpd invented from mm). Not L3."
+                "Length is not delay. Rise/fall/timing stays UNKNOWN without a cited "
+                "time source (no tpd invented from mm). Not L3. Not a warning."
             ),
         )
 
@@ -374,27 +399,234 @@ def _run_l2_check(
         if verdict == "NUMERIC":
             verdict = "UNKNOWN"
         return _pack(
-            check, verdict, mand, nets=nets, value_kind=kind,
+            check, verdict, mand, nets=nets, value_kind=kind, emit="silent",
             notes=(
-                f"{check} not certified without a cited electrical source. "
-                f"Not invented. L0/L1 are not electrical certification."
+                f"{check} has no cited electrical source. "
+                "Not invented. Not a warning."
             ),
         )
     return _pack(check, "UNKNOWN", mand, value_kind=kind, notes="Not an L2 electrical check.")
 
 
+def _pcb_zdiff_cite(iface: PhysicalInterface) -> ProtocolConstraint | None:
+    """Packed board Zdiff recommendation. Never a number typed in this module."""
+    for c in iface.constraints:
+        if c.parameter != "pcb_trace_nominal_zdiff":
+            continue
+        if c.value_kind != "NUMERIC" or c.value is None:
+            continue
+        unit = (c.unit or "").strip().lower()
+        if unit not in _OHM_UNITS:
+            continue
+        return c
+    return None
+
+
+def _usb_dp_dm(inst: PhysicalBusInstance) -> tuple[str, str] | None:
+    for g in inst.groups:
+        if g.kind != "DIFFERENTIAL_PAIR" or len(g.nets) < 2:
+            continue
+        dp = g.roles.get("D+") or g.nets[0]
+        dm = g.roles.get("D-") or g.nets[1]
+        if single_ended_eth_mac(dp) or single_ended_eth_mac(dm):
+            return None
+        return dp, dm
+    return None
+
+
+def _cite_label(cons: ProtocolConstraint) -> str:
+    src = cons.source
+    bits: list[str] = []
+    if src is not None:
+        if src.document:
+            bits.append(src.document)
+        if src.section:
+            bits.append(f"§{src.section}")
+        if src.page:
+            bits.append(f"p.{src.page}")
+    return ", ".join(bits) if bits else "cited pack"
+
+
+def _zdiff_measured(nets: list[str], impedance_nets: list[dict] | dict | None) -> float | None:
+    """Pair Z only. Single-ended Z0 is not a differential result."""
+    rows = _z_rows(impedance_nets)
+    vals: list[float] = []
+    for net in nets:
+        row = _row_for(rows, net)
+        if not row:
+            continue
+        for key in ("zdiff_ohm", "zdiff_avg_ohms", "zdiff_ohms"):
+            v = _num(row.get(key))
+            if v is not None and v > 0:
+                vals.append(v)
+                break
+    if not vals:
+        return None
+    return sum(vals) / len(vals)
+
+
+def _median_width_mm(layout: LayoutGraph, net: str) -> float | None:
+    widths = sorted(
+        s.width for s in layout.segments
+        if s.net and kicad_nets_match(s.net, net) and s.width > 0
+    )
+    if not widths:
+        return None
+    return widths[len(widths) // 2]
+
+
+def _pair_gap_mm(layout: LayoutGraph, a: str, b: str) -> float | None:
+    sa = [s for s in layout.segments if s.net and kicad_nets_match(s.net, a) and s.width > 0]
+    sb = [s for s in layout.segments if s.net and kicad_nets_match(s.net, b) and s.width > 0]
+    gaps: list[float] = []
+    for x in sa:
+        for y in sb:
+            if x.layer and y.layer and x.layer != y.layer:
+                continue
+            for px, py in (
+                (x.start, y.start), (x.start, y.end),
+                (x.end, y.start), (x.end, y.end),
+            ):
+                edge = math.hypot(px[0] - py[0], px[1] - py[1]) - x.width / 2.0 - y.width / 2.0
+                if edge > 1e-6:
+                    gaps.append(edge)
+    if not gaps:
+        return None
+    return min(gaps)
+
+
+def usb_pair_z_ohm(
+    layout: LayoutGraph | None,
+    nets: tuple[str, str],
+    impedance_nets: list[dict] | dict | None,
+) -> tuple[float | None, str]:
+    """Calculated differential Z for one pair.
+
+    Returns (ohms, missing). missing is empty when ohms is set, otherwise
+    ``stackup``, ``geometry``, or ``stackup/geometry``.
+    """
+    stored = _zdiff_measured(list(nets), impedance_nets)
+    if stored is not None:
+        return stored, ""
+    has_copper = bool(
+        layout is not None and any(
+            s.net and s.width > 0 and (
+                kicad_nets_match(s.net, nets[0]) or kicad_nets_match(s.net, nets[1])
+            )
+            for s in layout.segments
+        )
+    )
+    stack = layout.stackup if layout is not None else None
+    dielectric = stack.dielectrics[0] if stack and stack.dielectrics else None
+    stack_ok = (
+        stack is not None
+        and dielectric is not None
+        and dielectric.er > 0
+        and dielectric.height_mm > 0
+        and stack.copper_thickness_mm is not None
+        and stack.copper_thickness_mm > 0
+    )
+    if not stack_ok:
+        return None, "stackup/geometry" if not has_copper else "stackup"
+    assert layout is not None and stack is not None and dielectric is not None
+    wa = _median_width_mm(layout, nets[0])
+    wb = _median_width_mm(layout, nets[1])
+    gap = _pair_gap_mm(layout, nets[0], nets[1])
+    if wa is None or wb is None or gap is None:
+        return None, "geometry"
+    try:
+        _zodd, _zeven, zdiff = coupled_diff_z(TraceGeometry(
+            h=dielectric.height_mm,
+            er=dielectric.er,
+            t=stack.copper_thickness_mm,
+            w=(wa + wb) / 2.0,
+            s=gap,
+        ))
+    except GeometryError:
+        return None, "geometry"
+    if zdiff <= 0:
+        return None, "geometry"
+    return zdiff, ""
+
+
+def _matches_cited(measured: float, cited: float) -> bool:
+    return abs(measured - cited) <= 1e-6 * max(1.0, abs(cited))
+
+
+def _usb_line(kind: str, *, measured: float | None, cited: float, label: str) -> str:
+    """One report line. The ohm value is the packed cite, not a second number."""
+    if kind == "certified" and measured is not None:
+        return (
+            f"USB certified — calculated Z {measured:g} Ω vs cited {cited:g} Ω ({label})."
+        )
+    if measured is not None:
+        return (
+            f"USB not certified — because Z {measured:g} Ω is outside cited "
+            f"{cited:g} Ω ({label})."
+        )
+    return (
+        "USB not certified — because Z cannot be calculated from the PCB "
+        f"stackup/geometry. Cited {cited:g} Ω ({label})."
+    )
+
+
+def _usb_board_z(
+    check: str,
+    inst: PhysicalBusInstance,
+    cite: ProtocolConstraint,
+    pair: tuple[str, str],
+    layout: LayoutGraph | None,
+    impedance_nets: list[dict] | dict | None,
+) -> L2CheckResult:
+    """One line: calculated pair Z vs the packed board cite."""
+    cited = float(cite.value)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    label = _cite_label(cite)
+    measured, _missing = usb_pair_z_ohm(layout, pair, impedance_nets)
+    mand: MandatoryClass = "RECOMMENDED"
+    if measured is None:
+        return L2CheckResult(
+            check=check, result="FAIL", mandatory=mand, nets=list(pair),
+            limit_ohm=cited, value_kind="NUMERIC", emit="not_certified",
+            notes=_usb_line("missing", measured=None, cited=cited, label=label),
+            finding_class="RULE", status="ERROR",
+        )
+    if _matches_cited(measured, cited):
+        return L2CheckResult(
+            check=check, result="PASS", mandatory=mand, nets=list(pair),
+            measured_ohm=measured, limit_ohm=cited,
+            limit_ohm_min=cited, limit_ohm_max=cited,
+            value_kind="NUMERIC", emit="certified",
+            notes=_usb_line("certified", measured=measured, cited=cited, label=label),
+            finding_class="INFO", status="INFO",
+        )
+    return L2CheckResult(
+        check=check, result="FAIL", mandatory=mand, nets=list(pair),
+        measured_ohm=measured, limit_ohm=cited,
+        limit_ohm_min=cited, limit_ohm_max=cited,
+        value_kind="NUMERIC", emit="not_certified",
+        notes=_usb_line("outside", measured=measured, cited=cited, label=label),
+        finding_class="RULE", status="ERROR",
+    )
+
+
 def _z_check(
     check: str,
     mand: MandatoryClass,
     cons: ProtocolConstraint | None,
     kind: str,
     inst: PhysicalBusInstance,
+    iface: PhysicalInterface,
     graph: DesignGraph,
     nets: list[str],
     constraints_map: dict[str, ComponentConstraints] | None,
     impedance_nets: list[dict] | dict | None,
+    layout: LayoutGraph | None,
 ) -> L2CheckResult:
+    pair = _usb_dp_dm(inst)
+    cite = _pcb_zdiff_cite(iface)
     phy = _phy_z_windows(graph, inst, constraints_map)
+    if cite is not None and pair is not None and not phy:
+        return _usb_board_z(check, inst, cite, pair, layout, impedance_nets)
     pack_w = _pack_ohm_window(cons)
     windows: list[tuple[float, float]] = []
     if pack_w:
@@ -403,7 +635,6 @@ def _z_check(
     window = intersect_windows(windows) if windows else None
     measured = measured_z_ohm(nets, impedance_nets)
     if window is None:
-        # no cited pack number and no datasheet PHY window → never invent 90 Ω
         if measured is None:
             return _skip_z(check, mand, inst, kind)
         return _pack(
@@ -413,15 +644,15 @@ def _z_check(
                 "VENDOR_DEPENDENT", "UNKNOWN",
             } else "UNKNOWN",
             mand,
-            nets=nets, measured_ohm=measured, value_kind=kind,
+            nets=nets, measured_ohm=measured, value_kind=kind, emit="silent",
             notes=(
-                f"Interfaccia {inst.physical_interface_id} non certificata a L2 "
-                f"per mancanza di Z target (cited pack or PHY datasheet). "
-                f"Measured stackup/fab Z is not compared to invented USB/IEC ohms. "
-                f"L0/L1 are not electrical certification."
+                f"{inst.physical_interface_id} has measured Z and no cited target. "
+                "Not compared to an invented ohm. Not a warning."
             ),
         )
     if measured is None:
+        if cite is not None and pair is not None:
+            return _usb_board_z(check, inst, cite, pair, layout, impedance_nets)
         return _skip_z(check, mand, inst, kind)
     verdict = electrical_verdict(cons, measured, window)
     source_note = (
@@ -474,10 +705,10 @@ def _termination_check(
             "VENDOR_DEPENDENT", "UNKNOWN", "NOT_APPLICABLE",
         } else "UNKNOWN"
         return _pack(
-            check, verdict, mand, nets=nets, value_kind=kind,
+            check, verdict, mand, nets=nets, value_kind=kind, emit="silent",
             notes=(
-                f"Interfaccia {inst.physical_interface_id} non certificata a L2 "
-                f"per mancanza di termination cite. No invented Rd/ohm."
+                f"{inst.physical_interface_id} has no termination cite. "
+                "No invented resistor. Not a warning."
             ),
         )
     measured = None
@@ -517,8 +748,8 @@ def _levels_check(
         unit = (cons.unit or "").strip().lower()
         if unit in _VOLT_UNITS:
             return _pack(
-                check, "UNKNOWN", mand, value_kind="NUMERIC",
-                notes="Voltage NUMERIC in pack but PCB rail FACT not supplied — not invented 3.3 V.",
+                check, "UNKNOWN", mand, value_kind="NUMERIC", emit="silent",
+                notes="Voltage NUMERIC in pack but PCB rail FACT not supplied — not invented 3.3 V. Not a warning.",
             )
     if constraints_map:
         for ref in [inst.host_ref, *inst.peer_refs]:
@@ -528,10 +759,10 @@ def _levels_check(
             ds = match_constraints(comp.mpn or comp.value, constraints_map)
             if ds and ds.absolute_maximum_ratings:
                 return _pack(
-                    check, "UNKNOWN", mand, value_kind=kind,
+                    check, "UNKNOWN", mand, value_kind=kind, emit="silent",
                     notes=(
                         "Silicon abs-max present; L2 levels need a cited operating "
-                        "window vs measured rail — not assumed. Not L3."
+                        "window vs measured rail — not assumed. Not L3. Not a warning."
                     ),
                 )
     verdict = kind if kind in {
@@ -539,15 +770,58 @@ def _levels_check(
         "VENDOR_DEPENDENT", "UNKNOWN", "NOT_APPLICABLE",
     } else "UNKNOWN"
     return _pack(
-        check, verdict, mand, value_kind=kind,
-        notes="Levels/voltage UNKNOWN without a cited electrical source. Not invented.",
+        check, verdict, mand, value_kind=kind, emit="silent",
+        notes="Levels/voltage UNKNOWN without a cited electrical source. Not invented. Not a warning.",
     )
 
 
+def _pair_line_finding(inst: PhysicalBusInstance, r: L2CheckResult) -> Finding:
+    """Certified or not certified. English. Not the datasheet boilerplate."""
+    designator = inst.host_ref or inst.physical_interface_id
+    certified = r.emit == "certified"
+    text = r.notes
+    if certified:
+        status = "INFO"
+        cls = "INFO"
+        action = "Calculated pair Z matches the cited limit."
+    else:
+        status = "ERROR"
+        cls = "RULE"
+        action = "Calculated pair Z is not certified. The finding states the reason."
+    f = Finding(
+        designator=designator,
+        mpn="",
+        aspect="protocol_l2",
+        finding=text,
+        why=text,
+        status=status,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        source=SOURCE,
+        net=r.nets[0] if r.nets else None,
+        rule_id="PE-PRT-L2-002",
+        facts=text,
+        requirement=text,
+        inference="Calculated differential Z compared with the packed cite.",
+        provenance="MANDATORY",
+        finding_class=cls,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        evidence_status="SUFFICIENT",
+        recommendation=action,
+        action=action,
+    )
+    return complete_finding(f)
+
+
 def l2_findings(inst: PhysicalBusInstance, results: list[L2CheckResult]) -> list[Finding]:
     out: list[Finding] = []
     designator = inst.host_ref or inst.physical_interface_id
     for r in results:
+        if r.emit in {"certified", "not_certified"}:
+            out.append(_pair_line_finding(inst, r))
+            continue
+        if r.emit == "silent" or (r.result in {
+            "UNKNOWN", "VENDOR_DEPENDENT", "CONTROLLER_DEPENDENT",
+            "PHY_DEPENDENT", "MISSING_SOURCE",
+        } and r.check in _NOISE_CHECKS):
+            continue
         if r.result == "PASS":
             continue
         if r.result == "FAIL" and r.mandatory != "MANDATORY":
@@ -568,8 +842,7 @@ def l2_findings(inst: PhysicalBusInstance, results: list[L2CheckResult]) -> list
             rule_id = "PE-PRT-L2-001"
             status = "WARNING"
             finding = r.notes or (
-                f"Interfaccia {inst.physical_interface_id} non certificata a L2 "
-                f"per {r.check} ({r.result})."
+                f"{inst.physical_interface_id} L2 {r.check} is {r.result}."
             )
         else:
             rule_id = "PE-PRT-L0-002"

periscope/src/backend/periscopex/protocol_l3.py

@@ -509,9 +509,28 @@ def certify_instance_l3(
         if c in L3_CHECKS and c not in checks:
             checks.append(c)
     facts = lookup_channel_facts(inst, channel_data)
+    if not _channel_fact_present(facts):
+        return []
     return [_run_l3_check(inst, iface, c, facts) for c in checks]
 
 
+def _channel_fact_present(facts: dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
+    """True only when reduced channel FACT is already on hand."""
+    if not facts:
+        return False
+    if _looks_like_raw_sparam(facts):
+        return False
+    if _blob_mentions_fem(facts.get("method") or facts.get("solver") or ""):
+        return False
+    if _il_measured(facts) is not None or _rl_measured(facts) is not None:
+        return True
+    if _xt_measured(facts) is not None:
+        return True
+    if _num(facts.get("total_budget_ps")) is not None:
+        return True
+    return facts.get("channel_complete") is True
+
+
 def l3_findings(inst: PhysicalBusInstance, results: list[L3CheckResult]) -> list[Finding]:
     out: list[Finding] = []
     designator = inst.host_ref or inst.physical_interface_id
@@ -533,12 +552,8 @@ def l3_findings(inst: PhysicalBusInstance, results: list[L3CheckResult]) -> list
             status = "ERROR"
             finding = f"L3 channel {r.check}: {r.notes}"
         elif skip_family:
-            rule_id = "PE-PRT-L3-001"
-            status = "WARNING"
-            finding = r.notes or (
-                f"Interfaccia {inst.physical_interface_id} non certificata a L3 "
-                f"per {r.check} ({r.result})."
-            )
+            # No channel FACT, or a field with nothing to certify. Omit the warning.
+            continue
         else:
             rule_id = "PE-PRT-L0-002"
             status = "INFO"

periscope/src/backend/periscopex/protocol_report.py

@@ -114,6 +114,12 @@ def check_to_report_row(
     result = str(dump.get("result") or "")
     cons = _constraint_for(iface, check) if iface is not None else None
     doc, section, method = _cite(cons)
+    if check == "differential_impedance" and not doc and iface is not None:
+        for alt in iface.constraints:
+            if alt.parameter == "pcb_trace_nominal_zdiff" and alt.source is not None:
+                doc, section, method = _cite(alt)
+                cons = alt
+                break
     nets = list(dump.get("nets") or [])
     net = nets[0] if nets else (inst.nets[0] if inst.nets else "")
     group = _group_for_net(inst, net or None)
@@ -130,6 +136,7 @@ def check_to_report_row(
         "source": doc,
         "method": method,
         "notes": dump.get("notes") or "",
+        "emit": dump.get("emit") or "",
         "skip_visible": skip,
         "rank": result_rank(result),
         "chain": {
@@ -181,6 +188,21 @@ def format_chain(chain: dict[str, Any]) -> str:
     return " → ".join(parts)
 
 
+def _noise_row(row: dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
+    """Missing-field skips are not a certification line."""
+    if row.get("emit") == "silent":
+        return True
+    result = str(row.get("result") or "")
+    if result not in _SKIP:
+        return False
+    notes = str(row.get("notes") or "").lower()
+    if "grouping" in notes or "dq/dqs" in notes:
+        return False
+    if row.get("measured") is not None or row.get("limit") is not None:
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
 def attach_instance_report(
     inst: PhysicalBusInstance,
     iface: PhysicalInterface | None,
@@ -195,9 +217,7 @@ def attach_instance_report(
         + [c.model_dump() if hasattr(c, "model_dump") else dict(c) for c in l2]
         + [c.model_dump() if hasattr(c, "model_dump") else dict(c) for c in (l3 or [])]
     )
-    rows = [check_to_report_row(d, inst, iface) for d in dumps]
-    if not any(r["level"] == "L3" for r in rows):
-        rows.append(l3_not_run_row(inst))
+    rows = [r for r in (check_to_report_row(d, inst, iface) for d in dumps) if not _noise_row(r)]
     rows.sort(key=lambda r: (r["rank"], str(r["level"]), str(r["check"])))
     worst = instance_worst_result([str(r["result"]) for r in rows if r["level"] != "L3"])
     # L3 skip/UNKNOWN must not upgrade instance to PASS or hide FAIL

periscope/src/backend/periscopex/si_check.py

@@ -42,7 +42,12 @@ _HS_CLASS_RE = (
     ("hdmi", re.compile(r"HDMI", re.I)),
     ("pcie", re.compile(r"PCIE|PEX_", re.I)),
     ("sgmii", re.compile(r"SGMII", re.I)),
-    ("rgmii", re.compile(r"RGMII|(?:^|[_/])GMII", re.I)),
+    ("rgmii", re.compile(r"RGMII|(?:^|[_/])GMII|TX_CTL|RX_CTL|(?:ETH|MAC).*GTX", re.I)),
+    ("rmii", re.compile(
+        r"(?:^|[_/])RMII|"
+        r"(?:ETH|MAC).*(?:TXD|RXD|TXEN|RXDV|CRS_DV|REF_CLK)",
+        re.I,
+    )),
     ("eth_mdi", re.compile(
         r"(?:^|[_/])(MDI|TRD[0-3]|TCT|RCT)|"
         r"ETH.?(?:TD|RD|TX|RX|TP)[+\-_PN0-3]|1000BASE|RJ45",
@@ -92,8 +97,10 @@ _BUS_TOKEN_EXPAND: dict[str, frozenset[str]] = {
     "magnetics": frozenset({"eth_mdi"}),
     "rgmii": frozenset({"rgmii"}),
     "gmii": frozenset({"rgmii"}),
-    "mac_phy": frozenset({"rgmii", "sgmii"}),
-    "mac": frozenset({"rgmii", "sgmii"}),
+    "rmii": frozenset({"rmii"}),
+    "mii": frozenset({"rmii"}),
+    "mac_phy": frozenset({"rmii", "rgmii", "sgmii"}),
+    "mac": frozenset({"rmii", "rgmii", "sgmii"}),
     "sgmii": frozenset({"sgmii"}),
     "ddr": frozenset({"ddr3_clk", "ddr3_dqs", "ddr3_dq", "ddr3_addr"}),
     "ddr3": frozenset({"ddr3_clk", "ddr3_dqs", "ddr3_dq", "ddr3_addr"}),
@@ -143,6 +150,31 @@ def partner_net(name: str) -> str | None:
     return None
 
 
+# RMII/MII data and TX enable. Not an MDI pair. Not a 100 Ω differential net.
+_SINGLE_ENDED_ETH_RE = re.compile(
+    r"(?:^|[^A-Za-z0-9])(?:ETH_|MAC_)?(?:RXD|TXD|TXEN|RXDV|CRS_DV)(?:\d+)?(?:[^A-Za-z0-9]|$)",
+    re.I,
+)
+
+
+def single_ended_eth_mac(net: str) -> bool:
+    """ETH_RXD / ETH_TXD / ETH_TXEN are single-ended. Not a differential pair."""
+    leaf = _leaf(net)
+    return bool(_SINGLE_ENDED_ETH_RE.search(leaf) or _SINGLE_ENDED_ETH_RE.search(net or ""))
+
+
+def phy_mac_kind(net: str) -> str | None:
+    """``rmii``, ``rgmii``, or ``mii`` for a PHY–MAC net. Never ``eth_mdi``."""
+    leaf = _leaf(net).upper()
+    if re.search(r"RGMII|(?:^|[_/])GMII|TX_CTL|RX_CTL|(?:ETH|MAC).*GTX", leaf):
+        return "rgmii"
+    if single_ended_eth_mac(net) or "RMII" in leaf:
+        if re.search(r"(?:^|[_/])MII(?:$|[_/])", leaf) and "RMII" not in leaf:
+            return "mii"
+        return "rmii"
+    return None
+
+
 def _leaf(net: str) -> str:
     n = normalize_kicad_hierarchy_net(net)
     return n.split("/")[-1] if n else ""
@@ -173,8 +205,10 @@ def bus_class(net: str) -> str | None:
         return "usb3"
     if "USB" in u and re.search(r"(D\+|D-|DP|DM)", leaf, re.I):
         return "usb2"
-    if re.search(r"(?:ETH|MAC).*(TXD|RXD|TXC|RXC|TX_CLK|RX_CLK|TX_CTL|RX_CTL|TXEN|RXDV|GTX)", u):
+    if re.search(r"RGMII|(?:^|[_/])GMII|TX_CTL|RX_CTL|(?:ETH|MAC).*GTX", u):
         return "rgmii"
+    if re.search(r"(?:ETH|MAC).*(TXD|RXD|TXC|RXC|TX_CLK|RX_CLK|TXEN|RXDV|CRS_DV|REF_CLK)|(?:^|[_/])RMII", u):
+        return "rmii"
     if re.search(r"(?:^|[_/])ETH(?:$|[_/])", u) and re.search(r"[+\-]|_P$|_N$|_P/|_N/", leaf):
         return "eth_mdi"
     for cls, cre in _HS_CLASS_RE:
@@ -228,6 +262,7 @@ def _rule_target_buses(rule: dict) -> frozenset[str]:
     scans: tuple[tuple[str, str], ...] = (
         (r"super\s*speed|usb\s*3|sstx|ssrx", "usb3"),
         (r"rgmii|gtx_clk|tx_ctl|rx_ctl", "rgmii"),
+        (r"\brmii\b|\bmii\b|txen|rxdv|crs_dv", "rmii"),
         (r"sgmii", "sgmii"),
         (r"mdi|rj-?45|magnetics|trd[0-3]|1000\s*base", "eth_mdi"),
         (r"ddr3|\bddr\b", "ddr3"),
@@ -358,6 +393,8 @@ def _rule_nets(layout: LayoutGraph, rule: dict, graph: DesignGraph) -> list[str]
         if targets:
             if not _bus_in_targets(bc, targets):
                 continue
+            if single_ended_eth_mac(net) and "eth_mdi" in targets:
+                continue
         else:
             # No bus on the quote: pin-scoped only. Never paint USB/DDR/PHY.
             if not pin:
@@ -530,6 +567,8 @@ def check_si(
             want_diff = _num(rule.get("zdiff_ohm")) is not None or kind == "zdiff"
             paired: set[tuple[str, str]] = set()
             for net in nets:
+                if want_diff and single_ended_eth_mac(net):
+                    continue
                 zrow = _z_row(rows, net)
                 partner = _partner_on_board(layout, net, zrow) if want_diff else None
                 key_net = _pair_key(net, partner) if partner else (net, "")

periscope/src/backend/services/pcb_pipeline.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import json
 import logging
+import time
 from datetime import datetime, timezone
 from pathlib import Path
 
@@ -153,16 +154,15 @@ def si_extract_needed_skips(
         }
         if not needs_layout_rules_refresh(payload, min_scan_version=scan_ver):
             continue
-        refs = ",".join(sorted(refs_by_mpn.get(mpn, []))) or mpn
-        out.append({
-            "designator": refs,
-            "reason": (
-                f"SI layout_rules empty at model_version="
-                f"{cons.model_version}; re-run schematic review "
-                f"to re-extract pintable {scan_ver} "
-                "(PCB does not re-read the PDF)."
-            ),
-        })
+        refs = sorted(refs_by_mpn.get(mpn, [])) or [mpn]
+        reason = (
+            f"SI layout_rules empty at model_version="
+            f"{cons.model_version}; re-run schematic review "
+            f"to re-extract pintable {scan_ver} "
+            "(PCB does not re-read the PDF)."
+        )
+        for ref in refs:
+            out.append({"designator": ref, "reason": reason})
     return out
 
 
@@ -220,6 +220,14 @@ async def run_pcb_pipeline(
         pcb_state=None,
     )
 
+    t_total = time.perf_counter()
+    stage_seconds: dict[str, float] = {}
+
+    def _lap(name: str, started: float) -> float:
+        seconds = round(time.perf_counter() - started, 3)
+        stage_seconds[name] = seconds
+        return seconds
+
     try:
         async with PipelineWorkspace(storage, user_id, project_id) as ws:
             if _cancelled(storage, user_id, project_id):
@@ -247,7 +255,10 @@ async def run_pcb_pipeline(
                 return
 
             _step(project_id, "classify", "running", "domains and groups")
+            t_extract = time.perf_counter()
             cmap = _load_constraints_map(ws.local_path("extracted"), storage)
+            extract_s = _lap("extract", t_extract)
+            _step(project_id, "extract", "complete", f"loaded stored extractions; {extract_s}s")
             plan = build_placement_plan(graph, cmap)
             fg_path = ws.local_path("functional_groups.json")
             fg_path.write_text(plan.model_dump_json(indent=2) + "\n")
@@ -306,7 +317,9 @@ async def run_pcb_pipeline(
                 return
 
             _step(project_id, "checks", "running")
+            t_checks = time.perf_counter()
             findings = run_pcb_checks(graph, cmap, layout, plan, zrep)
+            checks_s = _lap("pcb_checks", t_checks)
             scan_ver = app_settings.get_default_model_version()
             si_skip = si_extract_needed_skips(graph, cmap, scan_ver)
             sipath = ws.local_path("si_extract_needed.json")
@@ -315,7 +328,8 @@ async def run_pcb_pipeline(
             _step(
                 project_id, "checks", "complete",
                 f"{len(findings)} deterministic findings"
-                + (f"; {len(si_skip)} SI re-extract" if si_skip else ""),
+                + (f"; {len(si_skip)} SI re-extract" if si_skip else "")
+                + f"; {checks_s}s",
             )
 
             if _cancelled(storage, user_id, project_id):
@@ -323,6 +337,7 @@ async def run_pcb_pipeline(
                 return
 
             _step(project_id, "af_trace", "running", "AF trigger + closed-form/cascade (not OpenEMS)")
+            t_af_trace = time.perf_counter()
             try:
                 extra_af = check_af_traces(graph, cmap, layout, zrep, findings)
                 findings.extend(extra_af)
@@ -330,9 +345,10 @@ async def run_pcb_pipeline(
             except Exception:
                 logger.exception("AF trace analysis failed — keeping PCB checks")
                 n_trace = 0
+            af_trace_s = _lap("af_trace", t_af_trace)
             _step(
                 project_id, "af_trace", "complete",
-                f"{n_trace} AF trace findings (SI/HF checks kept)",
+                f"{n_trace} AF trace findings (SI/HF checks kept); {af_trace_s}s",
             )
 
             if _cancelled(storage, user_id, project_id):
@@ -340,10 +356,13 @@ async def run_pcb_pipeline(
                 return
 
             _step(project_id, "af_ai", "running", "AI HF flags then deterministic investigate")
+            t_af_ai = time.perf_counter()
             n_af = _run_af_ai_section(ws, graph, cmap, layout, zrep, findings)
+            af_ai_s = _lap("af_ai", t_af_ai)
+            stage_seconds["af"] = round(stage_seconds.get("af_trace", 0) + af_ai_s, 3)
             _step(
                 project_id, "af_ai", "complete",
-                f"{n_af} extra AF+AI findings (SI/HF checks kept)",
+                f"{n_af} extra AF+AI findings (SI/HF checks kept); {af_ai_s}s; af={stage_seconds['af']}s",
             )
 
             if _cancelled(storage, user_id, project_id):
@@ -353,6 +372,7 @@ async def run_pcb_pipeline(
             _step(project_id, "ai_review", "running", "layout vs shared library extraction")
             coverage: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
             skipped: list[dict] = []
+            review_errors: dict[str, str] = {}
             try:
                 from backend.services.api_logs import ApiLogger
                 from backend.services.pcb_validation import review_pcb_ics
@@ -367,7 +387,7 @@ async def run_pcb_pipeline(
                         f"{ref} {tool} {detail}".strip(),
                     )
 
-                ai_findings, coverage, skipped = await review_pcb_ics(
+                ai_findings, coverage, skipped, review_errors = await review_pcb_ics(
                     graph, cmap, layout, plan, inventory,
                     pdf_dir, storage=storage, api_logger=logger_api,
                     on_progress=_prog,
@@ -376,6 +396,7 @@ async def run_pcb_pipeline(
                 logger_api.flush(storage, user_id, project_id)
                 detail = (
                     f"{len(ai_findings)} AI findings, {len(skipped)} skipped"
+                    + (f", {len(review_errors)} review errors" if review_errors else "")
                 )
             except Exception:
                 logger.exception("PCB AI review failed — keeping deterministic findings")
@@ -387,11 +408,14 @@ async def run_pcb_pipeline(
                 return
 
             _step(project_id, "write_report", "running")
+            t_protocol = time.perf_counter()
             proto_section, proto_findings = protocol_exam(
                 graph, layout=layout,
                 constraints_map=cmap, impedance_nets=zrep,
                 channel_data=_load_channel_data(ws),
             )
+            protocol_s = _lap("protocol", t_protocol)
+            _step(project_id, "protocol", "complete", f"{protocol_s}s")
             findings.extend(proto_findings)
             assign_pcb_finding_ids(findings)
             annotate_findings_cad(findings, cad_index_from_graph(graph))
@@ -404,13 +428,20 @@ async def run_pcb_pipeline(
             summary: dict[str, int] = {"ERROR": 0, "WARNING": 0, "INFO": 0}
             for f in findings:
                 summary[f.status] = summary.get(f.status, 0) + 1
+            # Drop not_reviewed entries for ICs that were actually reviewed.
+            covered = set(coverage)
+            not_reviewed = [
+                row for row in (skipped + si_skip)
+                if str(row.get("designator") or "") not in covered
+            ]
             report = ValidationReport(
                 project=project_id,
                 timestamp=datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),
                 findings=findings,
                 summary=summary,
                 coverage=coverage,
-                not_reviewed=skipped + si_skip,
+                review_errors=review_errors,
+                not_reviewed=not_reviewed,
                 protocol_certification=proto_section.model_dump(),
             )
             report_path = ws.local_path("pcb_report.json")
@@ -422,10 +453,22 @@ async def run_pcb_pipeline(
             ws._upload_file("periscope-findings.json")
             _step(project_id, "write_report", "complete", f"{len(findings)} findings")
 
+        stage_seconds["total"] = round(time.perf_counter() - t_total, 3)
+        _step(
+            project_id, "timing", "complete",
+            "extract={extract}s pcb_checks={pcb_checks}s protocol={protocol}s af={af}s total={total}s".format(
+                extract=stage_seconds.get("extract"),
+                pcb_checks=stage_seconds.get("pcb_checks"),
+                protocol=stage_seconds.get("protocol"),
+                af=stage_seconds.get("af"),
+                total=stage_seconds.get("total"),
+            ),
+        )
         _publish(project_id, "pcb_complete", {
             "findings": len(findings),
             "domains": len(plan.domains),
             "groups": len(plan.groups),
+            "stage_seconds": stage_seconds,
         })
         proj_svc.update_project(
             storage, user_id, project_id,
@@ -435,15 +478,17 @@ async def run_pcb_pipeline(
                 "domains": len(plan.domains),
                 "groups": len(plan.groups),
                 "skipped": len(skipped),
+                "stage_seconds": stage_seconds,
             },
             pcb_cancel_requested=False,
         )
     except Exception as e:
         logger.exception("pcb pipeline failed for %s", project_id)
+        stage_seconds["total"] = round(time.perf_counter() - t_total, 3)
         proj_svc.update_project(
             storage, user_id, project_id,
             pcb_status="error",
-            pcb_state={"error": str(e)},
+            pcb_state={"error": str(e), "stage_seconds": stage_seconds},
         )
         _publish(project_id, "pcb_error", {"error": str(e)})
 

periscope/src/backend/services/pcb_validation.py

@@ -54,15 +54,20 @@ async def review_pcb_ics(
     storage=None,
     api_logger: ApiLogger | None = None,
     on_progress=None,
-) -> tuple[list[Finding], dict[str, list[str]], list[dict]]:
+) -> tuple[list[Finding], dict[str, list[str]], list[dict], dict[str, str]]:
     """Layout-only AI exam using ``library/extracted`` (or project extracted/).
 
     Does not attach a datasheet PDF. ICs without a library pintable are skipped
     with a reason to run schematic review first.
+
+    Returns ``(findings, coverage, not_reviewed, review_errors)``.
+    Real review exceptions go in ``review_errors`` — never as
+    ``not_reviewed`` with the blanket label ``pcb_review error``.
     """
     findings: list[Finding] = []
     coverage: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
     skipped: list[dict] = []
+    review_errors: dict[str, str] = {}
     cache: dict = {}
     for ref, comp in sorted(graph.components.items()):
         if comp.component_type != ComponentType.IC:
@@ -102,15 +107,21 @@ async def review_pcb_ics(
                 system_prompt=PCB_SYSTEM_PROMPT,
                 log_stage="pcb_review",
             )
-        except Exception:
-            log.exception("PCB AI review failed for %s — skipping", ref)
-            skipped.append({"designator": ref, "reason": "pcb_review error"})
+        except Exception as exc:
+            msg = f"{type(exc).__name__}: {exc}"
+            log.exception("PCB AI review failed for %s — recording review_errors", ref)
+            review_errors[ref] = msg
             continue
         if not isinstance(result, ReviewResult):
+            # Prefer a visible false positive over a silent miss.
+            skipped.append({
+                "designator": ref,
+                "reason": "PCB review returned no result",
+            })
             continue
         _ensure_recs(result.findings)
         annotate_findings_cad(result.findings, cad_index_from_graph(graph))
         findings.extend(result.findings)
-        if result.checked_areas:
-            coverage[ref] = list(result.checked_areas)
-    return findings, coverage, skipped
+        # Empty checked_areas still means the IC was reviewed (no issues).
+        coverage[ref] = list(result.checked_areas or ["layout"])
+    return findings, coverage, skipped, review_errors

periscope/src/frontend/content/changelog.md

@@ -2,14 +2,45 @@
 
 What's new in Periscope.
 
-## 2.83.0 — 2026-09-22 — Apple-like shell, findings tree, HDMI 1.4 UNKNOWN
+## 2.85.0 — 2026-09-23 — USB / RMII cert lines; not_reviewed count
 
-Shell Finder/Settings: sidebar, large title, system font, hairline. Findings tree keeps Error / Warning / Info folders (FAIL first) with + disclosure, then domains/rules, then Certificazioni/Protocolli. HDMI 1.4 TMDS electrical displays UNKNOWN — no guessed Zdiff. Catalog JSON untouched.
+USB 2.0 D+/D− is one line: calculated pair Z versus the packed 90 Ω board cite. Certified names the measured ohm and the cite. Not certified says why — Z is outside that cite, or Z cannot be calculated from the PCB stackup/geometry. Missing length, stub, via, termination, rise/fall, and channel fields do not each warn. L3 is omitted when no channel fact is on file.
+
+LAN8720A ETH_RXD / ETH_TXD / ETH_TXEN are RMII (single-ended PHY–MAC), not RJ45/MDI 100 Ω. One line: `RMII certified — …`. No Italian «mancanza di tr, f» on those nets. RJ45 pairs keep `Ethernet certified / not certified`.
+
+`not_reviewed` count matches the list (one designator per row). Real PCB AI failures go to `review_errors` with the exception message — not a blanket `pcb_review error` on every skip. ICs already in coverage are not listed as not-reviewed.
+
+- [Changed] `protocol_l1.py`, `protocol_l2.py`, `protocol_l3.py`, `protocol_report.py`, `af_trace_check.py`, `si_check.py`.
+- [Changed] `pcb_validation.py`, `pcb_pipeline.py`, `pcb_checks.py` merge; report UI copy.
+- [Changed] Protocol tree shows the certification sentence.
+- [Changed] pytest `tests/pcb/test_j2_usb_cert_line.py`, `test_rmii_cert_line.py`, `test_not_reviewed_count.py`.
+
+## 2.84.0 — 2026-09-22 — Exposed-pad names, ESD cites, CC-via-net, Ethernet pair Z
+
+PE-BOM-011 treats EP, EPAD, THERMAL PAD, exposed pad, and the footprint's exposed land (including pin_count+1) as the same pad when both sides have one. A datasheet exposed pad with no land on the footprint stays ERROR.
+
+PE-ESD-001 says "datasheet-specified" only with a part and section/page. A 3V3 jack rail and VBUS are not warned without that cite. Optical S/PDIF (TOSLINK/optocoupler) is not an ESD warning; an unverified S/PDIF path stays a visible warning.
+
+PE-PRT-L0-001 follows Type-C CC pins (A5/B5) to the net and looks for the packed CabCon Rd 5.1 kΩ. The net does not have to be named CC1/CC2.
+
+PE-AF-002 on an Ethernet MDI pair compares one calculated pair Z to the packed cite for the speed on the board (LAN8720A 10/100 → 100 Ω, IEEE 100BASE-TX 25.4.9; Clause 40 only if gigabit). Inside is PASS, outside is FAIL, and no calculation is ERROR. No tr/f request.
+
+- [Changed] `bom_pcb_check.py`, `esd_return_check.py`, `protocol_l0.py`, `af_trace_check.py`.
+- [Changed] pytest `tests/pcb/test_bom_esd_ep_cc_eth.py`.
+- [Changed] Findings tree labels are English: domains, Certifications, Protocols, actions, and empty states. Error / Warning / Info stay.
+
+## 2.83.0 — 2026-09-22 — Apple-like shell; USB-C vSafe still UNKNOWN
+
+Shell Finder/Settings: sidebar, large title, system font, hairline. Findings tree keeps Error / Warning / Info folders (FAIL first) with + disclosure, then domains/rules, then Certificazioni/Protocolli. HDMI 1.4 TMDS electrical displays UNKNOWN — no guessed Zdiff.
+
+Alta Frequenza zip and `af-allegati` were searched for vSafe5V / vSafe0V. Contents are TI SI (`snla027b` AN-807, `sdaa499` EMI) — they do not state vSafe voltages. USB Type-C CabCon R2.5 §1.6 p.35 points at USB PD without a volt range. Charger Figure 4-39 4.75–5.5 V stays not-vSafe.
 
 - [Changed] App chrome (`sidebar`, `globals.css`, dashboard list, report large title).
 - [Changed] Findings tree grouping + protocol section inside the tree.
 - [Changed] Protocol UI: HDMI 1.4 TMDS Zdiff/limit/measured show `UNKNOWN`.
 - [Changed] Frontend tests `findings-forest`, `protocol-report`.
+- [Changed] `vsafe5v` / `vsafe0v` needed_document; `catalog.json`.
+- [Changed] INDEX archives AF TI SI as not packed for vSafe.
 
 ## 2.82.0 — 2026-09-22 — HDMI 2.0+ TI fields use source_type VENDOR
 

periscope/src/frontend/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "periscope-web",
-  "version": "2.83.0",
+  "version": "2.84.0",
   "private": true,
   "scripts": {
     "sync-version": "node scripts/sync-version.mjs",

periscope/src/frontend/src/app/(app)/project/[id]/report/page.tsx

@@ -328,7 +328,10 @@ function ReportContent({ projectId }: { projectId: string }) {
               {report.not_reviewed.length} component{report.not_reviewed.length === 1 ? "" : "s"} not reviewed
             </p>
             <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-              These components have no datasheet on file, so they were not checked against one. A reversed or mis-wired pin on an unreviewed part (e.g. a DNP footprint with no BOM entry) cannot be caught here — verify these manually.
+              Each line is one designator. The reason is per part — missing
+              datasheet, missing library extraction, or SI re-extract needed.
+              Parts that were reviewed are not listed here. Review failures
+              (with an error message) appear under failed reviews above.
             </p>
             <ul className="space-y-1 text-xs">
               {report.not_reviewed.map((nr) => (
@@ -343,9 +346,9 @@ function ReportContent({ projectId }: { projectId: string }) {
         {report.summary.total === 0 &&
         !(report.protocol_certification?.recognized_instances?.length) ? (
           <div className="rounded-[11px] border border-black/10 px-5 py-10 text-center">
-            <p className="text-[15px] font-medium tracking-tight">Nessun finding</p>
+            <p className="text-[15px] font-medium tracking-tight">No findings</p>
             <p className="mt-1 text-[13px] text-neutral-500">
-              Carica i datasheet degli IC sulla pagina progetto e rilancia l’esame.
+              Upload the IC datasheets on the project page and run the exam again.
             </p>
           </div>
         ) : (

periscope/src/frontend/src/components/layout/sidebar.tsx

@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ type NavItem =
 
 const PRIMARY_NAV: NavItem[] = [
   { type: "tab", tab: "bom", label: "Esame", icon: ScanLine },
-  { type: "route", path: "/report", label: "Protocolli", icon: BookOpen },
+  { type: "route", path: "/report", label: "Protocols", icon: BookOpen },
   { type: "route", path: "/report", label: "Report", icon: ClipboardList },
 ];
 
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ function ProjectNav({
   const onReport = pathname === `${base}/report`;
 
   function isActive(item: NavItem): boolean {
-    if (item.label === "Protocolli") return onReport;
+    if (item.label === "Protocols") return onReport;
     if (item.label === "Report") return onReport;
     if (item.type === "route") {
       return pathname === `${base}${item.path}` && !currentTab;
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ function ProjectNav({
   }
 
   function getHref(item: NavItem): string {
-    if (item.label === "Protocolli") return `${base}/report`;
+    if (item.label === "Protocols") return `${base}/report`;
     if (item.type === "route") return `${base}${item.path}`;
     return `${base}?tab=${item.tab}`;
   }

periscope/src/frontend/src/components/report/findings-tree.tsx

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import {
   forestHasCertifications,
   groupByWorstStatus,
   isProtocolFinding,
+  protocolEmptyMessage,
   protocolInstancesFromSection,
   protocolInstancesForStatus,
   worstStatus,
@@ -172,10 +173,10 @@ export function FindingsTree(props: FindingsTreeProps) {
             ))}
             {cert ? (
               <CertificationsBranch
+                {...props}
                 status={status}
                 instances={inst}
                 findings={protocolAtStatus}
-                {...props}
               />
             ) : null}
           </TreeBranch>
@@ -267,9 +268,9 @@ function CertificationsBranch({
 } & FindingsTreeProps) {
   const all = [...findings, ...instances.map(() => ({ status }))];
   return (
-    <TreeBranch label="Certificazioni" findings={all.length ? all : [{ status }]} defaultOpen>
+    <TreeBranch label="Certifications" findings={all.length ? all : [{ status }]} defaultOpen>
       <TreeBranch
-        label="Protocolli"
+        label="Protocols"
         findings={all.length ? all : [{ status }]}
         defaultOpen
       >
@@ -318,7 +319,7 @@ function CertificationsBranch({
         ) : null}
         {instances.length === 0 && findings.length === 0 ? (
           <p className="px-2 py-2 text-[13px] text-neutral-500">
-            {props.protocolSection?.message || "Nessun protocollo riconosciuto."}
+            {protocolEmptyMessage(props.protocolSection?.message)}
           </p>
         ) : null}
       </TreeBranch>
@@ -329,9 +330,9 @@ function CertificationsBranch({
 export function FindingsTreeEmpty() {
   return (
     <div className="rounded-[11px] border border-black/10 px-5 py-10 text-center dark:border-white/10">
-      <p className="text-[15px] font-medium tracking-tight">Nessun finding visibile</p>
+      <p className="text-[15px] font-medium tracking-tight">No visible findings</p>
       <p className="mt-1 text-[13px] text-neutral-500">
-        I filtri nascondono l’elenco. Togli un filtro, oppure apri i findings già rivisti sotto.
+        Filters are hiding the list. Clear a filter, or open the reviewed findings below.
       </p>
     </div>
   );

periscope/src/frontend/src/components/report/protocol-section.tsx

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {
   type ProtocolReportCheck,
 } from "@/lib/protocol-report";
 import {
+  protocolEmptyMessage,
   protocolInstancesFromSection,
   type ProtocolTreeInstance,
 } from "@/lib/findings-forest";
@@ -20,15 +21,23 @@ export function ProtocolInstanceBody({ instance }: { instance: ProtocolTreeInsta
   const fail = instance.worst === "FAIL" || instance.status === "ERROR";
   const logical = instance.logicalId;
   const physical = instance.physicalId;
+  const certLine = checks.find((c) =>
+    /^(USB|Ethernet|RMII|MII|RGMII) (certified|not certified) —/.test(c.notes || ""),
+  );
   return (
     <div className="space-y-2 py-2 pr-2">
+      {certLine?.notes ? (
+        <p className="text-[13px] font-medium tracking-tight text-neutral-900 dark:text-neutral-100">
+          {certLine.notes}
+        </p>
+      ) : null}
       <p className="text-[11px] tabular-nums text-neutral-500">
         {logical} → {physical}
         {instance.recognition ? ` · ${instance.recognition}` : ""}
         {instance.worst ? ` · ${instance.worst}` : ""}
       </p>
       {fail ? (
-        <p className="text-[11px] text-[rgb(180,40,35)]">FAIL in testa — non sotto Warning.</p>
+        <p className="text-[11px] text-[rgb(180,40,35)]">FAIL is listed first — not under Warning.</p>
       ) : null}
       <div className="overflow-x-auto">
         <table className="w-full text-[11px] tabular-nums">
@@ -57,7 +66,7 @@ export function ProtocolInstanceBody({ instance }: { instance: ProtocolTreeInsta
         </table>
       </div>
       {instance.chainExample ? (
-        <p className="break-all text-[11px] text-neutral-500">Catena: {instance.chainExample}</p>
+        <p className="break-all text-[11px] text-neutral-500">Chain: {instance.chainExample}</p>
       ) : null}
       {checks
         .filter((c) => c.result === "FAIL" || c.skip_visible)
@@ -113,12 +122,12 @@ export function ProtocolSection({
   section?: ProtocolCertificationSection | null;
 }) {
   const instances = protocolInstancesFromSection(section);
-  const message = section?.message || "Nessun protocollo riconosciuto.";
+  const message = protocolEmptyMessage(section?.message);
   const maxLevel = section?.max_level_reached || "—";
   return (
     <section className="space-y-2">
       <p className="text-[11px] text-neutral-500">
-        Livello massimo {maxLevel} (L0–L3). HDMI 1.4 TMDS resta UNKNOWN — niente Zdiff inventato.
+        Max level {maxLevel} (L0–L3). HDMI 1.4 TMDS stays UNKNOWN — no invented Zdiff.
       </p>
       {instances.length === 0 ? (
         <p className="text-[13px] text-neutral-600">{message}</p>

periscope/src/frontend/src/components/report/report-summary.tsx

@@ -20,18 +20,18 @@ export function ReportSummary({
   const infos = summary.INFO ?? 0;
   const total = summary.total || errors + warnings + infos;
   const outcome =
-    errors > 0 ? "Error" : warnings > 0 ? "Attenzione" : total > 0 ? "Completato" : "Senza findings";
+    errors > 0 ? "Error" : warnings > 0 ? "Warning" : total > 0 ? "Complete" : "No findings";
   const bits = [
     `${errors} Error`,
     `${warnings} Warning`,
     `${infos} Info`,
-    `${reviewedCount} rivisti`,
+    `${reviewedCount} reviewed`,
   ];
   if (typeof totalCostUsd === "number" && totalCostUsd > 0) {
     bits.push(`$${totalCostUsd.toFixed(2)}`);
   }
   if (typeof creditsSpent === "number" && creditsSpent > 0) {
-    bits.push(`${creditsSpent.toFixed(2)} crediti`);
+    bits.push(`${creditsSpent.toFixed(2)} credits`);
   }
 
   return (

periscope/src/frontend/src/lib/findings-forest.test.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,15 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
-import { groupByWorstStatus, groupDomains, isProtocolFinding, worstStatus } from "./findings-forest.ts";
-import { isPcbExamFinding } from "./layout-finding.ts";
-import type { Finding } from "./types.ts";
+import {
+  groupByWorstStatus,
+  groupDomains,
+  isProtocolFinding,
+  protocolEmptyMessage,
+  ruleDomain,
+  worstStatus,
+} from "./findings-forest";
+import { isPcbExamFinding } from "./layout-finding";
+import type { Finding } from "./types";
 
 function f(partial: Partial<Finding> & Pick<Finding, "designator" | "status">): Finding {
   return {
@@ -72,6 +79,16 @@ test("Error folder lists domains and rules after status, protocol stays out of t
   assert.equal(groupDomains(groups[0].findings.filter((x) => !isProtocolFinding(x))).length, 1);
 });
 
+test("protocol folder label is Protocols, including a stored Italian empty message", () => {
+  const domain = ruleDomain(
+    f({ designator: "J2", status: "ERROR", rule_id: "PE-PRT-L0-001", source: "protocol_l0" }),
+  );
+  assert.equal(domain.label, "Protocols");
+  assert.equal(protocolEmptyMessage("nessun protocollo riconosciuto"), "No protocol recognized.");
+  assert.equal(protocolEmptyMessage(""), "No protocol recognized.");
+  assert.equal(protocolEmptyMessage("USB2 recognized"), "USB2 recognized");
+});
+
 test("PE-PLC stays in the PCB exam bucket with PE-BOM", () => {
   assert.equal(
     isPcbExamFinding({ source: "placement_check", rule_id: "PE-PLC-002" }),

periscope/src/frontend/src/lib/findings-forest.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-/** Group report findings for the tree: status folders, then domains/rules, then Certificazioni. */
+/** Group report findings for the tree: status folders, then domains/rules, then Certifications. */
 
 import type { Finding, FindingStatus, ProtocolCertificationSection } from "./types";
 import {
   instanceWorstResult,
   protocolResultToFindingStatus,
   type ProtocolReportCheck,
-} from "./protocol-report.ts";
+} from "./protocol-report";
 
 export const STATUS_FOLDER: Record<FindingStatus, string> = {
   ERROR: "Error",
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ const DOMAIN_LABEL: Record<string, string> = {
   PDN: "PDN",
   PD: "USB-PD",
   AF: "AF Board + AI",
-  PRT: "Protocolli",
+  PRT: "Protocols",
   MUX: "Pin mux",
   NC: "NC pins",
   DEC: "Decoupling",
@@ -112,6 +112,17 @@ export function groupByDesignator(findings: Finding[]): DesignatorGroup[] {
     .map(([designator, items]) => ({ designator, findings: items }));
 }
 
+export const PROTOCOL_EMPTY_MESSAGE = "No protocol recognized.";
+
+/** Tree copy. Stored 2.83 reports still carry the Italian empty phrase. */
+export function protocolEmptyMessage(message?: string | null): string {
+  const text = (message || "").trim();
+  if (!text || text.toLowerCase() === "nessun protocollo riconosciuto") {
+    return PROTOCOL_EMPTY_MESSAGE;
+  }
+  return text;
+}
+
 export function isProtocolFinding(f: {
   source?: string | null;
   rule_id?: string | null;
@@ -122,7 +133,7 @@ export function isProtocolFinding(f: {
 }
 
 export function ruleDomain(f: Finding): { id: string; label: string } {
-  if (isProtocolFinding(f)) return { id: "PRT", label: "Protocolli" };
+  if (isProtocolFinding(f)) return { id: "PRT", label: "Protocols" };
   const rid = f.rule_id || "";
   const m = rid.match(/^PE-([A-Z]+)/);
   if (m) {
@@ -173,7 +184,7 @@ export function groupDomains(findings: Finding[]): DomainGroup[] {
 /**
  * Error / Warning / Info folders. A ref lives in the folder of its worst child.
  * U18 with PE-PLC-002 ERROR + five WARNING → Error, badge ERROR, count 6.
- * Protocol findings (PE-PRT) are excluded from domain folders — they sit under Certificazioni.
+ * Protocol findings (PE-PRT) are excluded from domain folders — they sit under Certifications.
  */
 export function groupByWorstStatus(findings: Finding[]): StatusGroup[] {
   const buckets: Record<FindingStatus, DesignatorGroup[]> = {

periscope/src/frontend/src/lib/protocol-report.test.ts

@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ import {
   protocolResultRank,
   protocolResultToFindingStatus,
   sortProtocolChecks,
-} from "./protocol-report.ts";
-import { groupByWorstStatus } from "./findings-forest.ts";
-import type { Finding } from "./types.ts";
+} from "./protocol-report";
+import { groupByWorstStatus } from "./findings-forest";
+import type { Finding } from "./types";
 
 function f(partial: Partial<Finding> & Pick<Finding, "designator" | "status">): Finding {
   return {
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ test("protocol FAIL finding stays in Error folder with WARNING skips on same ref
       status: "WARNING",
       rule_id: "PE-PRT-L2-001",
       source: "protocol_l2",
-      finding: "non certificata a L2 per mancanza di Z",
+      finding: "USB not certified — because Z cannot be calculated from the PCB stackup/geometry. Cited 90 Ω.",
     }),
   ]);
   assert.equal(groups[0].label, "Error");

periscope/src/frontend/src/lib/version.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 /** Stamped from content/changelog.md by scripts/sync-version.mjs. */
-export const APP_VERSION = "2.83.0";
+export const APP_VERSION = "2.84.0";
 export const APP_VERSION_DATE = "2026-09-22";

standards/protocol-specs/INDEX.md

@@ -21,5 +21,7 @@ TI files are **source_type VENDOR**, never HDMI Forum STANDARD. `https://pcbsync
 | `tmds1204.pdf` | TMDS1204 12Gbps HDMI Hybrid Redriver | SLLSF57A – August 2022 / revised April 2024 | `tmds1204-hdmi-sink`, `tmds1204-hdmi-source`; HDMI **2.0 / FRL** common layout `source_type=VENDOR` | **VENDOR** |
 | `slla633.pdf` | TMDS_CLOCK/FRL_Data Detection Design in HDMI Sink Applications TMDS1204 | SLLA633 – May 2024 | HDMI 2.0+/`tmds1204-*` `sigdet_wakeup` PHY_DEPENDENT (no layout ohms) | **VENDOR** |
 | `HDMI-FRL-Software-Datasheet-61W6169600.pdf` | HDMI 2.1 FRL Compliance Test Solution Datasheet (Tektronix) | (on file; 4 pages) | **not packed** — test-equipment datasheet, not HDMI Forum Adopter | archived only |
+| `snla027b.pdf` | AN-807 Reflections: Computations and Waveforms | SNLA027B – May 2004 / revised May 2004 | **not packed** for USB-C vSafe — TI SI, no vSafe5V/vSafe0V | archived only |
+| `sdaa499.pdf` | Simple Methods to Reduce EMI from a PCB Trace | SDAA499 – September 2026 | **not packed** for USB-C vSafe — TI EMI, no vSafe | archived only |
 
 Duplicates on Desktop (same MD5, not stored twice here): `USB2_Electrical_Compliance.pdf`, `DVI_Spec_v1.0.pdf`, `USB_TypeC_Functional_Test.pdf`.

tests/pcb/test_af_trace_check.py

@@ -142,12 +142,14 @@ def test_missing_tr_f_is_visible_skip_no_ohm():
     assert all(f.rule_id == "PE-AF-002" for f in out)
     assert len(out) == 1
     text = out[0].finding
-    assert "Pista ad alta frequenza non controllata per mancanza di" in text
+    assert text.startswith("HF not certified — because")
     assert "tr" in text and "f" in text
+    assert "mancanza" not in text
     assert out[0].evidence_status == "INSUFFICIENT"
     assert out[0].finding_class == "REVIEW"
     blob = (out[0].finding + out[0].facts).lower()
-    assert "90" not in blob and "50" not in blob and "ω" not in blob and "ohm" not in blob
+    assert "90 Ω" not in blob and "50 Ω" not in blob
+    assert "invented" in blob
 
 
 def test_short_pair_with_tr_is_not_af():

tests/pcb/test_bom_esd_ep_cc_eth.py

@@ -0,0 +1,373 @@
+"""HubAudio false findings: exposed-pad names, ESD cites, CC-via-net, Ethernet Z."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from backend.periscopex.af_trace_check import check_af_traces
+from backend.periscopex.bom_pcb_check import check_bom_pcb_datasheet
+from backend.periscopex.esd_return_check import check_esd
+from backend.periscopex.models import (
+    Component,
+    ComponentConstraints,
+    ComponentType,
+    DesignGraph,
+    LayoutFootprint,
+    LayoutGraph,
+    LayoutPad,
+    LayoutSegment,
+    Net,
+    NetType,
+    PackageInfo,
+    Pin,
+    PinConnection,
+)
+from backend.periscopex.protocol_l0 import _run_l0_check, l0_findings
+from backend.periscopex.protocol_recognize import PhysicalBusInstance
+
+
+def _ic(ref: str, mpn: str, pins: dict[str, str], *, footprint: str = "") -> Component:
+    return Component(
+        reference=ref, value=mpn, footprint=footprint,
+        component_type=ComponentType.IC, mpn=mpn, pins=pins,
+    )
+
+
+def _net(name: str, *pairs: tuple[str, str]) -> Net:
+    return Net(
+        name=name, net_type=NetType.SIGNAL,
+        pins=[PinConnection(component_ref=r, pin_number=p) for r, p in pairs],
+    )
+
+
+def _cons(mpn: str, numbers: list[str], pin_count: int) -> ComponentConstraints:
+    return ComponentConstraints(
+        mpn=mpn,
+        package_info=PackageInfo(base_family="QFN", package=f"QFN-{pin_count}", pin_count=pin_count),
+        pintable=[Pin(number=n, name=n) for n in numbers],
+        absolute_maximum_ratings=[],
+        rules=[],
+    )
+
+
+def _layout(ref: str, pads: list[tuple[str, str]], *, footprint: str) -> LayoutGraph:
+    return LayoutGraph(
+        footprints={
+            ref: LayoutFootprint(
+                reference=ref, footprint=footprint, x=0, y=0,
+                pads=[
+                    LayoutPad(number=n, x=0, y=0, net="GND", pinfunction=pf)
+                    for n, pf in pads
+                ],
+            ),
+        },
+    )
+
+
+def _bom(ref: str, mpn: str, numbers: list[str], pads: list[tuple[str, str]], pin_count: int):
+    graph = DesignGraph(components={
+        ref: _ic(ref, mpn, {n: "N" for n, _pf in pads if n}, footprint="Lib:Part"),
+    })
+    # Schematic pins follow the pintable numbers that are real contacts.
+    graph.components[ref].pins = {n: "N" for n in numbers if n not in {"EP", "THERMAL PAD"}}
+    layout = _layout(ref, pads, footprint="Lib:Part")
+    findings = check_bom_pcb_datasheet(graph, {mpn: _cons(mpn, numbers, pin_count)}, layout)
+    return [f for f in findings if f.rule_id == "PE-BOM-011"]
+
+
+def test_u16_ep_matches_pad_41():
+    """AXP2101: pintable EP, footprint pad 41 / EP_41."""
+    hits = _bom(
+        "U16", "AXP2101", ["1", "EP"],
+        [("1", "CHGLED_1"), ("41", "EP_41")],
+        40,
+    )
+    assert hits == []
+
+
+def test_u18_ep_matches_pad_89():
+    """ADAU1467: pintable EP, footprint pad 89 / EP_89."""
+    hits = _bom(
+        "U18", "ADAU1467", ["1", "EP"],
+        [("1", "DGND_1_1"), ("89", "EP_89")],
+        88,
+    )
+    assert hits == []
+
+
+def test_u19_ep_matches_pad_25_vss():
+    """LAN8720A: pintable EP, VQFN-24 land is pad 25 / VSS_25."""
+    hits = _bom(
+        "U19", "LAN8720A", ["1", "EP"],
+        [("1", "VDD2A_1"), ("25", "VSS_25")],
+        24,
+    )
+    assert hits == []
+
+
+def test_u5_thermal_pad_matches_epad_29():
+    """TAC5212: pintable THERMAL PAD, footprint pad 29 / EPAD_29."""
+    hits = _bom(
+        "U5", "XTAC5212", ["1", "THERMAL PAD"],
+        [("1", "DREG_1"), ("29", "EPAD_29")],
+        24,
+    )
+    assert hits == []
+
+
+def test_exposed_pad_absent_from_footprint_stays_error():
+    hits = _bom(
+        "U9", "BARE", ["1", "EP"],
+        [("1", "PIN_1")],
+        24,
+    )
+    assert hits
+    assert any("EP" in (f.finding or "") for f in hits)
+
+
+def _esd_graph(net: str, *, j_fp: str = "", j_value: str = "JACK") -> DesignGraph:
+    return DesignGraph(
+        components={
+            "J1": Component(
+                reference="J1", value=j_value, footprint=j_fp,
+                component_type=ComponentType.CONNECTOR, mpn="",
+                pins={"13": net},
+            ),
+            "U19": _ic("U19", "LAN8720A", {"1": net}),
+        },
+        nets={net: _net(net, ("J1", "13"), ("U19", "1"))},
+    )
+
+
+def test_esd_does_not_say_datasheet_specified_without_a_cite():
+    findings = check_esd(_esd_graph("USB_DP"))
+    assert findings and findings[0].rule_id == "PE-ESD-001"
+    blob = f"{findings[0].action} {findings[0].recommendation}"
+    assert "datasheet-specified" not in blob
+
+
+def test_esd_quotes_datasheet_when_part_and_section_exist():
+    cons = ComponentConstraints(
+        mpn="LAN8720A",
+        pintable=[],
+        absolute_maximum_ratings=[],
+        rules=[],
+        layout_rules=[{
+            "kind": "esd",
+            "document": "LAN8720A datasheet",
+            "section": "3.2",
+            "page": "12",
+            "note": "ESD on USB_DP",
+        }],
+    )
+    findings = check_esd(_esd_graph("USB_DP"), {"LAN8720A": cons})
+    assert findings
+    blob = f"{findings[0].action} {findings[0].finding}"
+    assert "datasheet-specified" in blob
+    assert "LAN8720A datasheet" in blob
+    assert "3.2" in blob
+
+
+def test_3v3_ethernet_rail_is_not_an_esd_warning():
+    assert check_esd(_esd_graph("3V3_ETHERNET")) == []
+
+
+def test_vbus_without_cite_is_not_an_esd_warning():
+    graph = _esd_graph("VBUS")
+    graph.components["U16"] = _ic("U16", "AXP2101", {"37": "VBUS"})
+    graph.components["J2"] = Component(
+        reference="J2", value="USB_C", footprint="Connector_USB:USB_C_Receptacle",
+        component_type=ComponentType.CONNECTOR,
+        pins={"A4": "VBUS"},
+    )
+    graph.nets = {"VBUS": _net("VBUS", ("J2", "A4"), ("U16", "37"))}
+    findings = check_esd(graph)
+    assert findings == []
+    blob = " ".join(f.action or "" for f in findings)
+    assert "datasheet-specified" not in blob
+
+
+def test_optical_spdif_is_not_an_esd_warning():
+    findings = check_esd(_esd_graph(
+        "SPIF_IN",
+        j_fp="OptoDevice:Broadcom_AFBR-16xxZ_Horizontal",
+        j_value="TOSLINK",
+    ))
+    assert findings == []
+
+
+def test_unverified_spdif_warns_it_was_not_seen_as_optical():
+    findings = check_esd(_esd_graph("SPIF_OUT", j_fp="Connector:PinHeader"))
+    assert findings
+    assert findings[0].status == "WARNING"
+    assert "not verified as optical" in (findings[0].finding or "")
+    assert "datasheet-specified" not in (findings[0].action or "")
+
+
+def _cc_inst() -> PhysicalBusInstance:
+    return PhysicalBusInstance(
+        instance_id="usb-c-usb2-receptacle:J2",
+        logical_protocol_id="usb2-hs",
+        physical_interface_id="usb-c-usb2-receptacle",
+        pcb_relevant="YES",
+        confidence=1.0,
+        evidence_kind="pinout",
+        recognition_status="RECOGNIZED",
+        host_ref="J2",
+        nets=["Net-(J2-A5)", "Net-(J2-B5)"],
+    )
+
+
+def _cc_graph(*, both: bool) -> DesignGraph:
+    comps = {
+        "J2": Component(
+            reference="J2",
+            value="USB_C_Receptacle_USB2.0_16P",
+            footprint="Connector_USB:USB_C_Receptacle_HRO_TYPE-C-31-M-12",
+            component_type=ComponentType.CONNECTOR,
+            pins={"A5": "Net-(J2-A5)", "B5": "Net-(J2-B5)", "A4": "VBUS"},
+        ),
+        "R1": Component(
+            reference="R1", value="5.1k", footprint="R_0603",
+            component_type=ComponentType.RESISTOR,
+            pins={"1": "Net-(J2-A5)", "2": "GND"},
+        ),
+    }
+    nets = {
+        "Net-(J2-A5)": _net("Net-(J2-A5)", ("J2", "A5"), ("R1", "1")),
+        "Net-(J2-B5)": _net("Net-(J2-B5)", ("J2", "B5")),
+        "GND": _net("GND", ("R1", "2")),
+    }
+    if both:
+        comps["R2"] = Component(
+            reference="R2", value="5.1k", footprint="R_0603",
+            component_type=ComponentType.RESISTOR,
+            pins={"1": "Net-(J2-B5)", "2": "GND"},
+        )
+        nets["Net-(J2-B5)"] = _net("Net-(J2-B5)", ("J2", "B5"), ("R2", "1"))
+        nets["GND"] = _net("GND", ("R1", "2"), ("R2", "2"))
+    return DesignGraph(components=comps, nets=nets)
+
+
+def test_cc_rd_present_on_unnamed_nets_does_not_fail():
+    row = _run_l0_check(_cc_graph(both=True), _cc_inst(), "cc_rd_rp", "MANDATORY")
+    assert row.result == "PASS"
+    assert "5.1" in row.notes
+    assert "CC1/CC2 net not present" not in row.notes
+    findings = l0_findings(_cc_inst(), [row])
+    assert not any(f.rule_id == "PE-PRT-L0-001" for f in findings)
+
+
+def test_cc_rd_missing_on_pin_net_fails():
+    row = _run_l0_check(_cc_graph(both=False), _cc_inst(), "cc_rd_rp", "MANDATORY")
+    assert row.result == "FAIL"
+    assert "B5" in row.notes
+    assert "CC1/CC2 net not present" not in row.notes
+    assert "5.1" in row.notes
+    findings = l0_findings(_cc_inst(), [row])
+    assert any(f.rule_id == "PE-PRT-L0-001" and f.status == "ERROR" for f in findings)
+
+
+def _eth_graph(mpn: str, *, value: str = "") -> DesignGraph:
+    return DesignGraph(
+        components={
+            "J1": Component(
+                reference="J1", value="RJ45",
+                footprint="Connector_RJ:RJ45_Abracon_ARJP11A-MA_Horizontal",
+                component_type=ComponentType.CONNECTOR,
+                pins={"9": "RJ45_TXP", "10": "RJ45_TXN"},
+            ),
+            "U19": _ic("U19", mpn, {"21": "RJ45_TXP", "20": "RJ45_TXN"}, footprint="VQFN-24"),
+        },
+        nets={
+            "RJ45_TXP": _net("RJ45_TXP", ("J1", "9"), ("U19", "21")),
+            "RJ45_TXN": _net("RJ45_TXN", ("J1", "10"), ("U19", "20")),
+        },
+    ) if not value else DesignGraph(
+        components={
+            "J1": Component(
+                reference="J1", value="RJ45",
+                footprint="Connector_RJ:RJ45",
+                component_type=ComponentType.CONNECTOR,
+                pins={"9": "RJ45_TXP", "10": "RJ45_TXN"},
+            ),
+            "U19": Component(
+                reference="U19", value=value, footprint="",
+                component_type=ComponentType.IC, mpn=mpn,
+                pins={"21": "RJ45_TXP", "20": "RJ45_TXN"},
+            ),
+        },
+        nets={
+            "RJ45_TXP": _net("RJ45_TXP", ("J1", "9"), ("U19", "21")),
+            "RJ45_TXN": _net("RJ45_TXN", ("J1", "10"), ("U19", "20")),
+        },
+    )
+
+
+def _eth_layout() -> LayoutGraph:
+    return LayoutGraph(
+        segments=[
+            LayoutSegment(start=(0, 0), end=(20, 0), width=0.2, layer="F.Cu", net="RJ45_TXP"),
+            LayoutSegment(start=(0, 0.2), end=(20, 0.2), width=0.2, layer="F.Cu", net="RJ45_TXN"),
+        ],
+    )
+
+
+def _eth_findings(graph: DesignGraph, monkeypatch, z: float | None):
+    if z is not None:
+        monkeypatch.setattr(
+            "backend.periscopex.af_trace_check._pair_z_ohm",
+            lambda layout, unit: z,
+        )
+    return [f for f in check_af_traces(graph, {}, _eth_layout()) if f.rule_id == "PE-AF-002"]
+
+
+def test_lan8720_pair_without_z_is_error_with_100base_cite(monkeypatch):
+    findings = _eth_findings(_eth_graph("LAN8720A"), monkeypatch, None)
+    assert len(findings) == 1
+    f = findings[0]
+    assert f.status == "ERROR"
+    blob = f"{f.finding} {f.action} {f.requirement}"
+    assert f.finding.startswith("Ethernet not certified — because Z cannot be calculated")
+    assert "100" in blob and "25.4.9" in blob
+    assert "stackup" in blob
+    assert "Fornire" not in blob
+    assert "mancanza di tr" not in blob.lower()
+    assert "mancanza di f" not in blob.lower()
+    assert "90" not in blob
+    assert "Clause 40" not in blob
+    assert "1000BASE" not in blob
+    assert "PASS" not in f.finding
+
+
+def test_lan8720_pair_z_inside_cite_is_pass(monkeypatch):
+    findings = _eth_findings(_eth_graph("LAN8720A"), monkeypatch, 100.0)
+    assert len(findings) == 1
+    assert findings[0].finding.startswith("Ethernet certified —")
+    assert findings[0].status == "INFO"
+    assert "RJ45_TXP" in (findings[0].facts or "") or "RJ45_TXP" in findings[0].finding
+    assert "RJ45_TXN" in (findings[0].facts or "") or "RJ45_TXN" in findings[0].finding
+    assert "25.4.9" in findings[0].finding
+
+
+def test_lan8720_pair_z_outside_cite_is_fail(monkeypatch):
+    findings = _eth_findings(_eth_graph("LAN8720A"), monkeypatch, 90.0)
+    assert len(findings) == 1
+    assert findings[0].finding.startswith("Ethernet not certified — because Z")
+    assert findings[0].status == "ERROR"
+    assert "PASS" not in findings[0].finding
+    assert "25.4.9" in findings[0].finding
+
+
+def test_gigabit_phy_uses_clause_40_not_100base(monkeypatch):
+    findings = _eth_findings(
+        _eth_graph("RTL8211F", value="1000BASE-T"),
+        monkeypatch,
+        None,
+    )
+    assert len(findings) == 1
+    blob = findings[0].finding
+    assert findings[0].status == "ERROR"
+    assert "Clause 40" in blob
+    assert "25.4.9" not in blob
+    assert "PASS" not in blob

tests/pcb/test_j2_usb_cert_line.py

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+"""USB Type-C D+/D− one-line certification; J2 has no WARNING wall."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from backend.periscopex.models import (
+    Component,
+    ComponentType,
+    DesignGraph,
+    LayoutDielectric,
+    LayoutGraph,
+    LayoutSegment,
+    LayoutStackup,
+    Net,
+    NetType,
+    PinConnection,
+    ResistorSpecs,
+)
+from backend.periscopex.protocol_l0 import protocol_exam
+from backend.periscopex.protocol_l2 import certify_l2, usb_pair_z_ohm
+from backend.periscopex.protocol_recognize import recognize_physical_buses
+
+
+def _ic(ref: str, pins: dict[str, str], *, mpn: str = "") -> Component:
+    return Component(
+        reference=ref, value=mpn or ref, footprint="",
+        component_type=ComponentType.IC, mpn=mpn or None, pins=pins,
+    )
+
+
+def _net(name: str, *pairs: tuple[str, str]) -> Net:
+    return Net(
+        name=name, net_type=NetType.SIGNAL,
+        pins=[PinConnection(component_ref=r, pin_number=p) for r, p in pairs],
+    )
+
+
+def _usb_c_graph() -> DesignGraph:
+    return DesignGraph(
+        components={
+            "U1": _ic("U1", {"1": "USB_D+", "2": "USB_D-"}, mpn="CH340E"),
+            "J2": Component(
+                reference="J2", value="USB_C",
+                footprint="Connector_USB:USB_C_Receptacle",
+                component_type=ComponentType.CONNECTOR,
+                pins={"A6": "USB_D+", "A7": "USB_D-", "A5": "CC1", "B5": "CC2",
+                      "A4": "VBUS", "A1": "GND"},
+            ),
+            "R1": Component(
+                reference="R1", value="5.1k", footprint="",
+                component_type=ComponentType.RESISTOR,
+                pins={"1": "CC1", "2": "GND"},
+                specs=ResistorSpecs(value_ohms=5100.0, value_formatted="5.1k"),
+            ),
+            "R2": Component(
+                reference="R2", value="5.1k", footprint="",
+                component_type=ComponentType.RESISTOR,
+                pins={"1": "CC2", "2": "GND"},
+                specs=ResistorSpecs(value_ohms=5100.0, value_formatted="5.1k"),
+            ),
+        },
+        nets={
+            "USB_D+": _net("USB_D+", ("U1", "1"), ("J2", "A6")),
+            "USB_D-": _net("USB_D-", ("U1", "2"), ("J2", "A7")),
+            "CC1": _net("CC1", ("J2", "A5"), ("R1", "1")),
+            "CC2": _net("CC2", ("J2", "B5"), ("R2", "1")),
+            "VBUS": _net("VBUS", ("J2", "A4")),
+            "GND": Net(
+                name="GND", net_type=NetType.GROUND,
+                pins=[
+                    PinConnection(component_ref="J2", pin_number="A1"),
+                    PinConnection(component_ref="R1", pin_number="2"),
+                    PinConnection(component_ref="R2", pin_number="2"),
+                ],
+            ),
+        },
+    )
+
+
+def _stack() -> LayoutStackup:
+    return LayoutStackup(
+        copper_layers=["F.Cu", "B.Cu"],
+        dielectrics=[LayoutDielectric(name="core", er=4.5, height_mm=0.15)],
+        copper_thickness_mm=0.035,
+    )
+
+
+def test_usb_missing_z_is_one_not_certified_line():
+    sec, findings = protocol_exam(_usb_c_graph())
+    usb = [i for i in sec.recognized_instances if "usb" in (i.get("logical_protocol_id") or "")]
+    assert usb
+    notes = [
+        c.get("notes") or ""
+        for row in usb
+        for c in (row.get("report_checks") or row.get("l2_checks") or [])
+    ]
+    cert = [n for n in notes if n.startswith("USB not certified —") or n.startswith("USB certified —")]
+    assert len(cert) == 1
+    assert cert[0].startswith("USB not certified — because Z cannot be calculated")
+    assert "90" in cert[0]
+    # No Italian warning wall on missing fields.
+    j2 = [f for f in findings if f.designator == "J2" and (f.rule_id or "").startswith("PE-PRT-L")]
+    assert not any("mancanza" in (f.finding or "") for f in j2)
+    assert not any(f.rule_id == "PE-PRT-L1-001" for f in j2)
+    assert not any(f.rule_id == "PE-PRT-L3-001" for f in j2)
+    # At most one L2 cert finding for the pair (optional L0 FAIL allowed separately).
+    l2 = [f for f in j2 if f.rule_id == "PE-PRT-L2-002"]
+    assert len(l2) <= 1
+
+
+def test_usb_calculated_z_inside_cite_is_certified(monkeypatch):
+    graph = _usb_c_graph()
+    layout = LayoutGraph(
+        segments=[
+            LayoutSegment(start=(0, 0), end=(20, 0), width=0.2, layer="F.Cu", net="USB_D+"),
+            LayoutSegment(start=(0, 0.15), end=(20, 0.15), width=0.2, layer="F.Cu", net="USB_D-"),
+        ],
+        stackup=_stack(),
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        "backend.periscopex.protocol_l2.usb_pair_z_ohm",
+        lambda layout, nets, impedance_nets: (90.0, ""),
+    )
+    insts = recognize_physical_buses(graph)
+    _by, findings = certify_l2(graph, insts, layout=layout)
+    lines = [f.finding for f in findings if (f.finding or "").startswith("USB certified —")]
+    assert len(lines) == 1
+    assert "90" in lines[0]
+    assert "not invented" not in lines[0].lower()
+
+
+def test_usb_pair_z_reports_missing_geometry():
+    z, missing = usb_pair_z_ohm(None, ("USB_D+", "USB_D-"), None)
+    assert z is None
+    assert "stackup" in missing or "geometry" in missing

tests/pcb/test_not_reviewed_count.py

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+"""not_reviewed count matches list; pcb_review error is not a blanket label."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, patch
+
+from backend.periscopex.models import Component, ComponentConstraints, ComponentType, DesignGraph, Pin
+from backend.periscopex.pcb_checks import merge_schema_pcb_reports
+from backend.periscopex.review_parse import ReviewResult
+from backend.services.pcb_validation import review_pcb_ics
+
+
+def test_merge_expands_joined_designators_and_matches_count():
+    schema = {
+        "findings": [],
+        "coverage": {"U1": ["power"]},
+        "not_reviewed": [
+            {"designator": "U2,U3,U4", "reason": "no datasheet PDF"},
+        ],
+    }
+    pcb = {
+        "findings": [],
+        "coverage": {"U5": ["layout"]},
+        "not_reviewed": [
+            {"designator": "U6", "reason": "no library extraction — run schematic review first"},
+            {"designator": "U1", "reason": "pcb_review error"},  # reviewed → drop
+            {"designator": "U7", "reason": "pcb_review error"},  # → review_errors
+        ],
+        "review_errors": {},
+    }
+    merged = merge_schema_pcb_reports(schema, pcb)
+    nr = merged["not_reviewed"]
+    refs = [r["designator"] for r in nr]
+    assert refs == ["U2", "U3", "U4", "U6"]
+    assert len(nr) == len(refs)
+    assert "U1" not in refs  # covered
+    assert "U7" not in refs
+    assert merged["review_errors"]["U7"] == "pcb_review error"
+    assert "pcb_review error" not in {r["reason"] for r in nr}
+
+
+def test_merge_does_not_list_reviewed_as_not_reviewed():
+    schema = {
+        "findings": [],
+        "coverage": {"U10": ["abs_max"], "U11": ["pinout"]},
+        "not_reviewed": [{"designator": "U10", "reason": "no datasheet PDF"}],
+    }
+    pcb = {
+        "findings": [],
+        "coverage": {"U11": ["layout"]},
+        "not_reviewed": [{"designator": "U11", "reason": "pcb_review error"}],
+    }
+    merged = merge_schema_pcb_reports(schema, pcb)
+    assert merged["not_reviewed"] == []
+
+
+def test_pcb_review_exception_goes_to_review_errors_not_not_reviewed():
+    graph = DesignGraph(
+        components={
+            "U1": Component(
+                reference="U1", value="LAN8720A", footprint="",
+                component_type=ComponentType.IC, mpn="LAN8720A",
+                pins={"1": "TXEN"},
+            ),
+        },
+        nets={},
+    )
+    cons = ComponentConstraints(
+        mpn="LAN8720A",
+        pintable=[Pin(number="1", name="TXEN")],
+        absolute_maximum_ratings=[],
+        rules=[],
+    )
+
+    async def _boom(*_a, **_k):
+        raise RuntimeError("model timeout")
+
+    async def _run():
+        with patch(
+            "backend.services.pcb_validation.review_ic_async",
+            new=AsyncMock(side_effect=_boom),
+        ):
+            return await review_pcb_ics(
+                graph, {"LAN8720A": cons}, None, None, None, Path("/tmp"),
+            )
+
+    findings, coverage, skipped, errors = asyncio.run(_run())
+    assert findings == []
+    assert coverage == {}
+    assert skipped == []
+    assert "U1" in errors
+    assert "RuntimeError" in errors["U1"]
+    assert "pcb_review error" not in errors["U1"]
+
+
+def test_successful_pcb_review_is_covered_not_skipped():
+    graph = DesignGraph(
+        components={
+            "U1": Component(
+                reference="U1", value="X", footprint="",
+                component_type=ComponentType.IC, mpn="HASPINTABLE",
+                pins={"1": "GND"},
+            ),
+        },
+        nets={},
+    )
+    cons = ComponentConstraints(
+        mpn="HASPINTABLE",
+        pintable=[Pin(number="1", name="GND")],
+        absolute_maximum_ratings=[],
+        rules=[],
+    )
+
+    async def _ok(*_a, **_k):
+        return ReviewResult([], []), {}
+
+    async def _run():
+        with patch(
+            "backend.services.pcb_validation.review_ic_async",
+            new=AsyncMock(side_effect=_ok),
+        ):
+            return await review_pcb_ics(
+                graph, {"HASPINTABLE": cons}, None, None, None, Path("/tmp"),
+            )
+
+    _f, coverage, skipped, errors = asyncio.run(_run())
+    assert coverage == {"U1": ["layout"]}
+    assert skipped == []
+    assert errors == {}

tests/pcb/test_pcb_review.py

@@ -619,8 +619,9 @@ def test_pcb_ai_skips_without_library_extraction():
             graph, {}, None, None, None, Path("/tmp"),
         )
 
-    _f, _c, skipped = asyncio.run(_run())
+    _f, _c, skipped, errors = asyncio.run(_run())
     assert skipped
+    assert errors == {}
     assert "library extraction" in skipped[0]["reason"]
 
 

tests/pcb/test_protocol_catalog_m0.py

@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ def test_reject_same_logical_and_physical_id():
 def test_empty_report_section_has_no_z():
     section = empty_protocol_section()
     dumped = section.model_dump()
-    assert section.message == "nessun protocollo riconosciuto"
+    assert section.message == "No protocol recognized."
     assert section.recognized_instances == []
     assert dumped.get("max_level_reached") is None
     blob = json.dumps(dumped)
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ def test_empty_report_section_has_no_z():
         summary={"ERROR": 0, "WARNING": 0, "INFO": 0},
         protocol_certification=dumped,
     )
-    assert report.protocol_certification["message"] == "nessun protocollo riconosciuto"
+    assert report.protocol_certification["message"] == "No protocol recognized."
 
 
 def test_pcie_cxl_physical_packs_are_empty_numbers():

tests/pcb/test_protocol_l1_m3.py

@@ -155,8 +155,7 @@ def test_usb_no_layout_is_visible_skip_not_pass():
     assert rows
     assert all(r.result != "PASS" or r.check == "never" for r in rows)
     assert any(r.result == "UNKNOWN" for r in rows)
-    assert any(f.rule_id == "PE-PRT-L1-001" for f in findings)
-    assert any("non certificata a L1" in (f.finding or "") for f in findings)
+    assert not any(f.rule_id == "PE-PRT-L1-001" for f in findings)
 
 
 def test_axi_internal_l1_not_applicable():

tests/pcb/test_protocol_l2_m4.py

@@ -109,21 +109,25 @@ def test_usb_z_missing_source_never_invents_90():
     rows, findings, _ = _l2_for(_usb_connected(), "usb2", impedance_nets=zrep)
     z = [r for r in rows if r.check == "differential_impedance"]
     assert z
-    assert z[0].result in {"MISSING_SOURCE", "UNKNOWN"}
-    assert z[0].result != "PASS"
-    blob = json.dumps(z[0].model_dump())
-    assert "90" not in blob
-    assert any(f.rule_id == "PE-PRT-L2-001" for f in findings)
-    assert any("non certificata a L2" in (f.finding or "") for f in findings)
+    assert z[0].result == "FAIL"
+    assert z[0].limit_ohm == 90.0
+    assert z[0].measured_ohm is None
+    line = z[0].notes
+    assert line.startswith("USB not certified — because Z cannot be calculated")
+    assert "90" in line
+    assert "not invented" not in line.lower()
+    assert not any(f.rule_id == "PE-PRT-L2-001" for f in findings)
+    assert any(f.finding == line for f in findings)
 
 
 def test_usb_z_skip_when_no_stackup_measurement():
     rows, findings, _ = _l2_for(_usb_connected(), "usb2")
     z = [r for r in rows if r.check == "differential_impedance"]
     assert z
-    assert z[0].result in {"MISSING_SOURCE", "UNKNOWN"}
+    assert z[0].result == "FAIL"
     assert z[0].measured_ohm is None
-    assert any("mancanza di Z" in (f.finding or "") for f in findings)
+    assert z[0].limit_ohm == 90.0
+    assert any(f.finding.startswith("USB not certified —") for f in findings)
 
 
 def test_cited_pack_z_pass_and_fail():
@@ -220,7 +224,7 @@ def test_ddr_impedance_phy_dependent_not_invented_ohm():
     blob = json.dumps(z[0].model_dump())
     assert "40" not in blob
     assert "90" not in blob
-    assert any(f.rule_id == "PE-PRT-L2-001" for f in findings)
+    assert not any(f.rule_id == "PE-PRT-L2-001" for f in findings)
 
 
 def test_length_is_not_delay_timing_unknown():

tests/pcb/test_protocol_l3_m9.py

@@ -173,6 +173,7 @@ def test_remaining_margin_is_total_minus_used():
 
 
 def test_usb_hdmi_pcie_skip_without_channel_data():
+    """No channel FACT → no L3 warning wall (silence, not Italian mancanza)."""
     for graph, token in ((_usb_connected(), "usb"), (_hdmi_graph(), "hdmi"), (_pcie_graph(), "pcie")):
         sec, findings = protocol_exam(graph)
         assert sec.max_level_reached == "L3"
@@ -183,17 +184,9 @@ def test_usb_hdmi_pcie_skip_without_channel_data():
             or token in str(r.get("physical_interface_id")).lower()
         )
         l3 = row["l3_checks"]
-        assert l3
-        names = {c["check"] for c in l3}
-        assert {"timing_budget", "insertion_loss", "return_loss", "crosstalk", "channel"} <= names
-        assert all(c["result"] != "PASS" for c in l3)
-        notes = " ".join(c.get("notes") or "" for c in l3)
-        assert "non certificata a L3 per mancanza" in notes
-        assert "OpenEMS" in notes
-        blob = json.dumps(l3)
-        assert "90" not in blob
-        assert any(f.rule_id == "PE-PRT-L3-001" for f in findings)
-        assert "s21" not in blob.lower() or "invent" in notes.lower()
+        assert l3 == []
+        assert not any(f.rule_id == "PE-PRT-L3-001" for f in findings)
+        assert not any("mancanza" in (f.finding or "") for f in findings if f.source == "protocol_l3")
 
 
 def test_axi_l3_not_applicable_not_fail():
@@ -269,13 +262,8 @@ def test_raw_touchstone_without_fact_is_skip_not_invented():
     inst = _inst()
     data = {inst.instance_id: {"sparam_file": "lane.s4p", "touchstone": "lane.s4p"}}
     rows = certify_instance_l3(inst, iface, channel_data=data)
-    assert all(r.result != "PASS" for r in rows)
-    notes = " ".join(r.notes for r in rows)
-    assert "non certificata a L3" in notes
-    assert "invent" in notes.lower() or "non inventati" in notes.lower() or "not invented" in notes.lower()
-    blob = json.dumps([r.model_dump() for r in rows])
-    # no synthesized S21 numbers
-    assert '"measured_db": null' in blob or all(r.measured_db is None for r in rows)
+    # Raw S-param file is not reduced channel FACT — omit L3 (no warning wall).
+    assert rows == []
 
 
 def test_openems_method_is_explicit_skip():
@@ -289,8 +277,8 @@ def test_openems_method_is_explicit_skip():
         }
     }
     rows = certify_instance_l3(inst, iface, channel_data=data)
-    notes = " ".join(r.notes for r in rows)
-    assert "non certificata a L3" in notes
+    # OpenEMS/FEM is out of product — omit L3 rather than invent S-parameters.
+    assert rows == []
     assert all(r.result != "PASS" for r in rows)
 
 
@@ -298,19 +286,16 @@ def test_no_sparam_invention_on_empty_channel_data():
     insts = recognize_physical_buses(_usb_connected())
     by, findings = certify_l3(insts, channel_data=None)
     rows = [r for lst in by.values() for r in lst]
-    blob = json.dumps([r.model_dump() for r in rows])
-    assert "s21" not in blob.lower()
-    assert all(r.measured_db is None for r in rows)
-    assert any("mancanza" in r.notes for r in rows)
-    assert any(f.rule_id == "PE-PRT-L3-001" for f in findings)
+    assert rows == []
+    assert not any(f.rule_id == "PE-PRT-L3-001" for f in findings)
 
 
 def test_protocol_exam_attaches_l3_and_does_not_call_l0_electrical():
     sec, _ = protocol_exam(_usb_connected())
     row = sec.recognized_instances[0]
-    assert row.get("l3_checks")
-    assert all(c.get("level") == "L3" for c in row["l3_checks"])
-    notes = " ".join(c.get("notes") or "" for c in row["l3_checks"])
-    assert "L0/L1 are not electrical" in notes
+    # L3 omitted without channel FACT; L0/L1/L2 still attached.
+    assert row.get("l3_checks") == []
+    assert row.get("l0_checks")
+    assert row.get("l2_checks")
     l0notes = json.dumps(row.get("l0_checks") or [])
     assert "ohm" not in l0notes.lower() or "not" in l0notes.lower()

tests/pcb/test_protocol_pdf_pack.py

@@ -123,7 +123,17 @@ def test_type_c_rp_rd_from_cabcon_r25_vbus_volts_unknown():
     assert by["t_vbuson_max"].source.page == "247"
     assert "2.5" in by["t_vbuson_max"].source.revision
     assert by["vsafe5v"].value_kind == "UNKNOWN"
-    assert "vSafe5V" in (by["vsafe5v"].needed_document or "")
+    assert by["vsafe5v"].value is None
+    assert "USB Power Delivery" in (by["vsafe5v"].needed_document or "")
+    assert "snla027b" in (by["vsafe5v"].needed_document or "")
+    assert "Figure 4-39" in (by["vsafe5v"].needed_document or "")
+    assert by["vsafe0v"].value_kind == "UNKNOWN"
+    assert by["vsafe0v"].value is None
+    assert "vSafe0V" in (by["vsafe0v"].needed_document or "")
+    hdmi14 = next(p for p in cat.physical_interfaces if p.id == "hdmi-1.4-tmds-type-a")
+    hz14 = next(c for c in hdmi14.constraints if c.parameter == "differential_impedance")
+    assert hz14.value_kind == "UNKNOWN"
+    assert hz14.value is None
     _cite_ok(by["gnd_ir_drop_cable"])
     assert by["gnd_ir_drop_cable"].value == 250.0
     assert by["gnd_ir_drop_cable"].source_type == "CABLE"

tests/pcb/test_protocol_recognize_m1.py

@@ -138,9 +138,9 @@ def test_axi4_internal_does_not_create_pcb_nets():
     assert "AXI_WDATA" not in one.nets
 
 
-def test_empty_graph_keeps_nessun_protocollo():
+def test_empty_graph_keeps_no_protocol_message():
     sec = protocol_section_for_graph(DesignGraph())
-    assert sec.message == "nessun protocollo riconosciuto"
+    assert sec.message == "No protocol recognized."
     assert sec.recognized_instances == []
     blob = json.dumps(sec.model_dump())
     assert "ohm" not in blob.lower()

tests/pcb/test_protocol_report_m5.py

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ def test_result_rank_fail_before_warning():
     assert instance_worst_result(["UNKNOWN", "FAIL", "PASS"]) == "FAIL"
 
 
-def test_usb2_pair_l0_pass_l2_z_unknown_no_invented_ohm():
+def test_usb2_pair_l0_pass_l2_z_cert_line():
     sec, _ = protocol_exam(_usb_connected())
     assert sec.max_level_reached == "L3"
     assert sec.macrophase == "M9"
@@ -106,20 +106,19 @@ def test_usb2_pair_l0_pass_l2_z_unknown_no_invented_ohm():
     assert l0_topo and l0_topo[0]["result"] == "PASS"
     z = [c for c in checks if c["check"] == "differential_impedance"]
     assert z
-    assert z[0]["result"] in {"MISSING_SOURCE", "UNKNOWN"}
-    assert z[0]["skip_visible"] is True
-    assert z[0]["measured"] is None
-    assert z[0]["limit"] is None
-    blob = json.dumps(z[0])
-    assert "90" not in blob
+    assert z[0]["result"] == "FAIL"
+    assert z[0]["limit"] == 90.0 or (z[0].get("notes") or "").find("90") >= 0
+    notes = z[0].get("notes") or ""
+    assert notes.startswith("USB not certified —")
+    assert "90" in notes
+    assert "not invented" not in notes.lower()
     chain = z[0]["chain"]
     assert chain["physical_interface_id"]
     assert chain["logical_protocol_id"]
     assert chain["physical_interface_id"] != chain["logical_protocol_id"]
+    # No L3 warning wall without channel FACT.
     l3 = [c for c in checks if c["level"] == "L3"]
-    assert l3 and l3[0]["skip_visible"]
-    assert l3[0]["result"] != "PASS"
-    assert "OpenEMS" in l3[0]["notes"]
+    assert l3 == []
 
 
 def test_fail_listed_before_warning_in_report_checks():

tests/pcb/test_rmii_cert_line.py

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+"""RMII PHY–MAC is not RJ45 100 Ω; one English certification line."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from backend.periscopex.af_trace_check import check_af_traces
+from backend.periscopex.models import (
+    Component,
+    ComponentType,
+    DesignGraph,
+    LayoutDielectric,
+    LayoutGraph,
+    LayoutSegment,
+    LayoutStackup,
+    Net,
+    NetType,
+    PinConnection,
+)
+from backend.periscopex.si_check import bus_class, phy_mac_kind, single_ended_eth_mac
+
+
+def _ic(ref: str, mpn: str, pins: dict[str, str]) -> Component:
+    return Component(
+        reference=ref, value=mpn, footprint="",
+        component_type=ComponentType.IC, mpn=mpn, pins=pins,
+    )
+
+
+def _net(name: str, *pairs: tuple[str, str]) -> Net:
+    return Net(
+        name=name, net_type=NetType.SIGNAL,
+        pins=[PinConnection(component_ref=r, pin_number=p) for r, p in pairs],
+    )
+
+
+def _rmii_graph() -> DesignGraph:
+    return DesignGraph(
+        components={
+            "U19": _ic("U19", "LAN8720A", {
+                "1": "ETH_RXD0", "2": "ETH_RXD1",
+                "3": "ETH_TXD0", "4": "ETH_TXD1", "5": "ETH_TXEN",
+            }),
+            "U3": _ic("U3", "MCU", {
+                "10": "ETH_RXD0", "11": "ETH_RXD1",
+                "12": "ETH_TXD0", "13": "ETH_TXD1", "14": "ETH_TXEN",
+            }),
+        },
+        nets={
+            "ETH_RXD0": _net("ETH_RXD0", ("U19", "1"), ("U3", "10")),
+            "ETH_RXD1": _net("ETH_RXD1", ("U19", "2"), ("U3", "11")),
+            "ETH_TXD0": _net("ETH_TXD0", ("U19", "3"), ("U3", "12")),
+            "ETH_TXD1": _net("ETH_TXD1", ("U19", "4"), ("U3", "13")),
+            "ETH_TXEN": _net("ETH_TXEN", ("U19", "5"), ("U3", "14")),
+        },
+    )
+
+
+def _layout() -> LayoutGraph:
+    segs = []
+    y = 0.0
+    for net in ("ETH_RXD0", "ETH_RXD1", "ETH_TXD0", "ETH_TXD1", "ETH_TXEN"):
+        segs.append(LayoutSegment(
+            start=(0, y), end=(40, y), width=0.15, layer="F.Cu", net=net,
+        ))
+        y += 0.5
+    return LayoutGraph(
+        segments=segs,
+        stackup=LayoutStackup(
+            copper_layers=["F.Cu", "B.Cu"],
+            dielectrics=[LayoutDielectric(name="core", er=4.5, height_mm=0.15)],
+            copper_thickness_mm=0.035,
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+def test_eth_rxd_is_rmii_not_mdi():
+    for n in ("ETH_RXD0", "ETH_TXD0", "ETH_TXEN"):
+        assert single_ended_eth_mac(n)
+        assert bus_class(n) == "rmii"
+        assert phy_mac_kind(n) == "rmii"
+        assert bus_class(n) != "eth_mdi"
+
+
+def test_rmii_one_certified_line_no_italian_tr_f():
+    findings = check_af_traces(_rmii_graph(), {}, _layout())
+    rmii = [f for f in findings if (f.finding or "").startswith("RMII certified —")]
+    assert len(rmii) == 1
+    blob = rmii[0].finding
+    assert "ETH_RXD" in blob or "ETH_TXD" in blob or "ETH_TXEN" in blob
+    assert "not an RJ45/MDI" in blob or "not an RJ45" in blob
+    assert "mancanza" not in blob
+    assert not any(
+        "mancanza di tr" in (f.finding or "") or "mancanza di f" in (f.finding or "")
+        for f in findings
+    )
+    assert not any(
+        f.rule_id == "PE-AF-002" and any(
+            single_ended_eth_mac(n) for n in ((f.net,) if f.net else ())
+        )
+        for f in findings
+    )
+
+
+def test_rmii_not_given_100_ohm_mdi_finding():
+    findings = check_af_traces(_rmii_graph(), {}, _layout())
+    assert not any("25.4.9" in (f.finding or "") for f in findings)
+    assert not any(
+        f.finding.startswith("Ethernet certified") or f.finding.startswith("Ethernet not certified")
+        for f in findings
+        if f.net and single_ended_eth_mac(f.net)
+    )