Add protocol-certification M9 L3 channel certifier (2.71.0).

L3 CHANNEL structure for timing budget, insertion loss, return loss,
crosstalk, and complete channel. Numeric PASS/FAIL only from existing
channel FACT; otherwise a visible skip. No OpenEMS, no invented S-parameters,
no M6 packs.

periscope/src/backend/periscopex/finding_engine.py

@@ -304,6 +304,10 @@ def _seed() -> None:
          requirement="L2 electrical skip: Z/termination/levels need datasheet/stackup/fab/cited pack.")
     _add("PE-PRT-L2-002", "MANDATORY", "RULE", domain="pcb",
          requirement="L2 Z/termination vs cited pack or PHY datasheet window.")
+    _add("PE-PRT-L3-001", "TYPICAL", "REVIEW", domain="pcb",
+         requirement="L3 channel skip: missing existing IL/RL/crosstalk/budget FACT (no OpenEMS).")
+    _add("PE-PRT-L3-002", "MANDATORY", "RULE", domain="pcb",
+         requirement="L3 channel vs cited IL/RL/crosstalk/timing-budget FACT (no invented S-param).")
 
 
 _seed()

periscope/src/backend/periscopex/protocol_l0.py

@@ -300,11 +300,13 @@ def protocol_exam(
     layout: LayoutGraph | None = None,
     constraints_map: dict | None = None,
     impedance_nets: list[dict] | dict | None = None,
+    channel_data: dict | None = None,
 ) -> tuple[ProtocolCertificationSection, list[Finding]]:
     from backend.periscopex.protocol_l1 import certify_l1
-    from backend.periscopex.protocol_l2 import LEVEL as L2_LEVEL, certify_l2
+    from backend.periscopex.protocol_l2 import certify_l2
+    from backend.periscopex.protocol_l3 import LEVEL as L3_LEVEL, certify_l3
     from backend.periscopex.protocol_report import (
-        PACK_MACROPHASE as L8_MACRO,
+        PACK_MACROPHASE as REPORT_MACRO,
         attach_instance_report,
         result_rank,
     )
@@ -315,7 +317,7 @@ def protocol_exam(
     instances = recognize_physical_buses(graph, cat)
     if not instances:
         sec = empty_protocol_section()
-        sec.macrophase = L8_MACRO
+        sec.macrophase = REPORT_MACRO
         return sec, []
     l0, findings = certify_l0(graph, instances, cat)
     l1, l1_findings_out = certify_l1(graph, instances, layout, cat)
@@ -327,6 +329,10 @@ def protocol_exam(
         impedance_nets=impedance_nets,
     )
     findings.extend(l2_findings_out)
+    l3, l3_findings_out = certify_l3(
+        instances, cat, channel_data=channel_data,
+    )
+    findings.extend(l3_findings_out)
     ifaces = {p.id: p for p in cat.physical_interfaces}
     dumps: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
     for inst in instances:
@@ -334,20 +340,22 @@ def protocol_exam(
         row["l0_checks"] = [c.model_dump() for c in l0.get(inst.instance_id, [])]
         row["l1_checks"] = [c.model_dump() for c in l1.get(inst.instance_id, [])]
         row["l2_checks"] = [c.model_dump() for c in l2.get(inst.instance_id, [])]
+        row["l3_checks"] = [c.model_dump() for c in l3.get(inst.instance_id, [])]
         row.update(attach_instance_report(
             inst,
             ifaces.get(inst.physical_interface_id),
             l0.get(inst.instance_id, []),
             l1.get(inst.instance_id, []),
             l2.get(inst.instance_id, []),
+            l3.get(inst.instance_id, []),
         ))
         dumps.append(row)
     dumps.sort(key=lambda r: result_rank(str(r.get("worst_result") or "UNKNOWN")))
     sec = ProtocolCertificationSection(
         schema_version=SCHEMA_VERSION,
-        macrophase=L8_MACRO,
+        macrophase=REPORT_MACRO,
         recognized_instances=dumps,
         message="",
-        max_level_reached=L2_LEVEL,
+        max_level_reached=L3_LEVEL,
     )
     return sec, findings

periscope/src/backend/periscopex/protocol_l3.py

@@ -0,0 +1,601 @@
+"""M9: L3 CHANNEL protocol certifier. Timing budget / IL / RL / crosstalk.
+
+Numerical execution only when channel FACT already exists (extracted dB/ps).
+Never invent S-parameters. Never OpenEMS/FEM. Never M6 pack numbers.
+L0/L1 are not electrical; this module does not call L0/L1 electrical.
+RECOMMENDED never FAIL. Internals (pcb_relevant=NO) are NOT_APPLICABLE.
+Visible skip: «Interfaccia X non certificata a L3 per mancanza di …».
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any, Literal
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+
+from backend.periscopex.finding_engine import complete_finding
+from backend.periscopex.models import DesignGraph, Finding
+from backend.periscopex.protocol_catalog import (
+    PhysicalInterface,
+    ProtocolCatalog,
+    ProtocolConstraint,
+    load_catalog,
+    map_protocol_outcome,
+)
+from backend.periscopex.protocol_l0 import _constraint_for, _mandatory
+from backend.periscopex.protocol_recognize import PhysicalBusInstance
+
+PACK_MACROPHASE = "M9"
+SOURCE = "protocol_l3"
+LEVEL = "L3"
+
+L3_CHECKS = frozenset({
+    "timing_budget",
+    "insertion_loss",
+    "return_loss",
+    "crosstalk",
+    "channel",
+    "connector",
+    "via_transitions",
+    "via_transition",
+    "package",
+})
+
+# Always structured on PCB-relevant instances even if the catalog omits them.
+L3_CORE = (
+    "timing_budget",
+    "insertion_loss",
+    "return_loss",
+    "crosstalk",
+    "channel",
+)
+
+_DB_UNITS = frozenset({"db", "dbm", "dbi"})
+_TIME_UNITS = frozenset({"ps", "ns", "us", "µs", "ms", "s"})
+_FEM_MARKERS = ("openems", "fem", "field_solver", "field-solver", "full-wave")
+
+MandatoryClass = Literal["MANDATORY", "RECOMMENDED", "OPTIONAL", "INFORMATIONAL"]
+L3Result = Literal[
+    "PASS", "FAIL", "WARNING", "UNKNOWN", "NOT_APPLICABLE",
+    "VENDOR_DEPENDENT", "CONTROLLER_DEPENDENT", "PHY_DEPENDENT", "MISSING_SOURCE",
+]
+
+
+class L3CheckResult(BaseModel):
+    check: str
+    level: Literal["L3"] = "L3"
+    result: L3Result
+    mandatory: MandatoryClass
+    nets: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list)
+    measured_db: float | None = None
+    limit_db: float | None = None
+    margin_db: float | None = None
+    measured_ps: float | None = None
+    limit_ps: float | None = None
+    margin_ps: float | None = None
+    total_budget_ps: float | None = None
+    used_budget_ps: float | None = None
+    remaining_margin_ps: float | None = None
+    value_kind: str = ""
+    notes: str = ""
+    finding_class: str = ""
+    status: str = ""
+
+
+def _num(v: Any) -> float | None:
+    if v is None or isinstance(v, bool):
+        return None
+    try:
+        return float(v)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return None
+
+
+def _pack(
+    check: str,
+    result: str,
+    mandatory: MandatoryClass,
+    *,
+    nets: list[str] | None = None,
+    measured_db: float | None = None,
+    limit_db: float | None = None,
+    measured_ps: float | None = None,
+    limit_ps: float | None = None,
+    total_budget_ps: float | None = None,
+    used_budget_ps: float | None = None,
+    remaining_margin_ps: float | None = None,
+    value_kind: str = "",
+    notes: str = "",
+) -> L3CheckResult:
+    if result == "FAIL" and mandatory != "MANDATORY":
+        result = "WARNING"
+    mapped = result
+    if result in {"CONTROLLER_DEPENDENT", "PHY_DEPENDENT"}:
+        mapped = "VENDOR_DEPENDENT"
+    cls, status, _ev = map_protocol_outcome(mapped, mandatory)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    margin_db = None
+    if measured_db is not None and limit_db is not None:
+        margin_db = _db_margin(check, measured_db, limit_db)
+    margin_ps = remaining_margin_ps
+    if margin_ps is None and measured_ps is not None and limit_ps is not None:
+        margin_ps = measured_ps - limit_ps if limit_ps < 0 else limit_ps - measured_ps
+    return L3CheckResult(
+        check=check,
+        result=result,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        mandatory=mandatory,
+        nets=nets or [],
+        measured_db=measured_db,
+        limit_db=limit_db,
+        margin_db=margin_db,
+        measured_ps=measured_ps,
+        limit_ps=limit_ps,
+        margin_ps=margin_ps,
+        total_budget_ps=total_budget_ps,
+        used_budget_ps=used_budget_ps,
+        remaining_margin_ps=remaining_margin_ps,
+        value_kind=value_kind,
+        notes=notes,
+        finding_class=cls,
+        status=status,
+    )
+
+
+def _db_margin(check: str, measured: float, limit: float) -> float:
+    if check == "return_loss":
+        if limit < 0:
+            return limit - measured
+        return measured - limit
+    if limit < 0:
+        return measured - limit
+    return limit - measured
+
+
+def _db_pass(check: str, measured: float, limit: float) -> bool:
+    """IL/crosstalk: max magnitude (pos) or min S-param (neg). RL: min (pos) or max S11 (neg)."""
+    if check == "return_loss":
+        if limit < 0:
+            return measured <= limit
+        return measured >= limit
+    if limit < 0:
+        return measured >= limit
+    return measured <= limit
+
+
+def _instance_nets(inst: PhysicalBusInstance) -> list[str]:
+    names: list[str] = []
+    for g in inst.groups:
+        names.extend(g.nets)
+    names.extend(inst.nets)
+    seen: set[str] = set()
+    out: list[str] = []
+    for n in names:
+        if n not in seen:
+            seen.add(n)
+            out.append(n)
+    return out
+
+
+def _kind_skip(kind: str) -> str:
+    if kind in {
+        "MISSING_SOURCE", "PHY_DEPENDENT", "CONTROLLER_DEPENDENT",
+        "VENDOR_DEPENDENT", "UNKNOWN", "NOT_APPLICABLE",
+    }:
+        return kind
+    return "UNKNOWN"
+
+
+def _blob_mentions_fem(obj: Any) -> bool:
+    text = str(obj).lower()
+    return any(m in text for m in _FEM_MARKERS)
+
+
+def _looks_like_raw_sparam(facts: dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
+    """Raw Touchstone / unevaluated S-matrix — we do not reduce it here."""
+    if facts.get("sparam_invented") is True:
+        return True
+    if facts.get("invent_sparam") is True:
+        return True
+    for key in ("touchstone", "sparam_file", "s2p", "s4p", "snp_path"):
+        if facts.get(key):
+            has_num = any(
+                _num(facts.get(k)) is not None
+                for k in (
+                    "insertion_loss_db", "il_db", "s21_db",
+                    "return_loss_db", "rl_db", "s11_db",
+                )
+            )
+            if not has_num:
+                return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _as_fact_map(channel_data: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    if channel_data is None:
+        return {}
+    if isinstance(channel_data, dict):
+        return channel_data
+    return {}
+
+
+def lookup_channel_facts(
+    inst: PhysicalBusInstance,
+    channel_data: Any,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Return FACT already on disk/in-memory. Never synthesize S-parameters."""
+    root = _as_fact_map(channel_data)
+    if not root:
+        return {}
+    candidates: list[Any] = []
+    for bag_key in ("instances", "physical_interfaces", "logical_protocols"):
+        bag = root.get(bag_key)
+        if isinstance(bag, dict):
+            if bag_key == "instances":
+                candidates.append(bag.get(inst.instance_id))
+            elif bag_key == "physical_interfaces":
+                candidates.append(bag.get(inst.physical_interface_id))
+            else:
+                candidates.append(bag.get(inst.logical_protocol_id))
+    candidates.append(root.get(inst.instance_id))
+    candidates.append(root.get(inst.physical_interface_id))
+    candidates.append(root.get(inst.logical_protocol_id))
+    default = root.get("default")
+    if isinstance(default, dict):
+        candidates.append(default)
+    records = root.get("records")
+    if isinstance(records, list):
+        for rec in records:
+            if not isinstance(rec, dict):
+                continue
+            if rec.get("instance_id") == inst.instance_id:
+                candidates.append(rec)
+            elif rec.get("physical_interface_id") == inst.physical_interface_id:
+                candidates.append(rec)
+            elif rec.get("logical_protocol_id") == inst.logical_protocol_id:
+                candidates.append(rec)
+    merged: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    for c in candidates:
+        if isinstance(c, dict):
+            merged.update(c)
+    return merged
+
+
+def remaining_margin_ps(
+    total: float | None,
+    used: float | None,
+    remaining: float | None = None,
+) -> float | None:
+    """TOTAL − USED = remaining margin. Prefer explicit remaining if given."""
+    if remaining is not None:
+        return remaining
+    if total is None or used is None:
+        return None
+    return total - used
+
+
+def _used_from_parts(facts: dict[str, Any]) -> float | None:
+    keys = (
+        "package_delay_ps",
+        "pcb_trace_delay_ps",
+        "via_delay_ps",
+        "connector_delay_ps",
+        "cable_delay_ps",
+        "component_delay_ps",
+    )
+    parts = [_num(facts.get(k)) for k in keys]
+    present = [p for p in parts if p is not None]
+    if not present:
+        return _num(facts.get("used_budget_ps"))
+    extra = _num(facts.get("used_budget_ps"))
+    if extra is not None and extra >= sum(present):
+        return extra
+    return sum(present)
+
+
+def _il_measured(facts: dict[str, Any]) -> float | None:
+    for k in ("insertion_loss_db", "il_db", "s21_db"):
+        n = _num(facts.get(k))
+        if n is not None:
+            return n
+    return None
+
+
+def _rl_measured(facts: dict[str, Any]) -> float | None:
+    for k in ("return_loss_db", "rl_db", "s11_db"):
+        n = _num(facts.get(k))
+        if n is not None:
+            return n
+    return None
+
+
+def _xt_measured(facts: dict[str, Any]) -> float | None:
+    for k in ("crosstalk_db", "xtalk_db", "next_db", "fext_db"):
+        n = _num(facts.get(k))
+        if n is not None:
+            return n
+    return None
+
+
+def _limit_from_constraint(cons: ProtocolConstraint | None, units: set[str]) -> float | None:
+    if cons is None or cons.value_kind != "NUMERIC" or cons.value is None:
+        return None
+    unit = (cons.unit or "").strip().lower()
+    if unit in units or unit == "":
+        return cons.value
+    return None
+
+
+def _skip(
+    check: str,
+    mand: MandatoryClass,
+    inst: PhysicalBusInstance,
+    kind: str,
+    missing: str,
+    *,
+    nets: list[str] | None = None,
+) -> L3CheckResult:
+    return _pack(
+        check,
+        _kind_skip(kind),
+        mand,
+        nets=nets,
+        value_kind=kind,
+        notes=(
+            f"Interfaccia {inst.physical_interface_id} non certificata a L3 "
+            f"per mancanza di {missing}. OpenEMS/FEM out of product; S-parameters "
+            f"are not invented. L0/L1 are not electrical certification. Not PASS."
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+def _run_l3_check(
+    inst: PhysicalBusInstance,
+    iface: PhysicalInterface,
+    check: str,
+    facts: dict[str, Any],
+) -> L3CheckResult:
+    mand = _mandatory(iface, check)
+    cons = _constraint_for(iface, check)
+    kind = cons.value_kind if cons else "UNKNOWN"
+    nets = _instance_nets(inst)
+
+    if facts and (_looks_like_raw_sparam(facts) or _blob_mentions_fem(facts.get("method") or facts.get("solver") or "")):
+        return _skip(
+            check, mand, inst, kind,
+            "dati canale ridotti a FACT (Touchstone/OpenEMS/FEM non eseguiti nel prodotto)",
+            nets=nets,
+        )
+
+    if check == "timing_budget":
+        total = _num(facts.get("total_budget_ps"))
+        used = _used_from_parts(facts)
+        remaining = remaining_margin_ps(total, used, _num(facts.get("remaining_margin_ps")))
+        limit = _limit_from_constraint(cons, _TIME_UNITS)
+        if remaining is None or total is None:
+            return _skip(
+                check, mand, inst, kind,
+                "timing budget FACT (total_budget_ps e used/remaining)",
+                nets=nets,
+            )
+        if cons is None or cons.value_kind != "NUMERIC":
+            # Measured budget exists but no cited min-margin — report numbers, skip cert.
+            return _pack(
+                check, _kind_skip(kind), mand, nets=nets,
+                total_budget_ps=total, used_budget_ps=used,
+                remaining_margin_ps=remaining, measured_ps=remaining,
+                value_kind=kind,
+                notes=(
+                    f"Timing budget FACT total={total:g} ps used={used if used is not None else '—'} "
+                    f"remaining={remaining:g} ps. Interfaccia {inst.physical_interface_id} "
+                    f"non certificata a L3 per mancanza di limite citato. Not invented. Not OpenEMS."
+                ),
+            )
+        min_margin = limit if limit is not None else 0.0
+        verdict = "PASS" if remaining >= min_margin else "FAIL"
+        return _pack(
+            check, verdict, mand, nets=nets,
+            total_budget_ps=total, used_budget_ps=used,
+            remaining_margin_ps=remaining, measured_ps=remaining,
+            limit_ps=min_margin, value_kind="NUMERIC",
+            notes=(
+                f"L3 timing budget TOTAL−USED=MARGIN ({total:g}−{used if used is not None else 0:g}={remaining:g} ps). "
+                f"Cited min margin {min_margin:g} ps. Not L0/L1 electrical. Not OpenEMS."
+            ),
+        )
+
+    if check in {"insertion_loss", "return_loss", "crosstalk"}:
+        if check == "insertion_loss":
+            measured = _il_measured(facts)
+            missing = "insertion loss FACT (dB) — S-parameters non inventati"
+        elif check == "return_loss":
+            measured = _rl_measured(facts)
+            missing = "return loss FACT (dB) — S-parameters non inventati"
+        else:
+            measured = _xt_measured(facts)
+            missing = "crosstalk FACT (dB) — S-parameters non inventati"
+        limit = _limit_from_constraint(cons, _DB_UNITS)
+        if measured is None:
+            return _skip(check, mand, inst, kind, missing, nets=nets)
+        if cons is None or cons.value_kind != "NUMERIC" or limit is None:
+            return _pack(
+                check, _kind_skip(kind), mand, nets=nets,
+                measured_db=measured, value_kind=kind,
+                notes=(
+                    f"Channel FACT {check}={measured:g} dB. Interfaccia "
+                    f"{inst.physical_interface_id} non certificata a L3 per mancanza di "
+                    f"limite citato (pack NUMERIC). Not invented S-param. Not OpenEMS."
+                ),
+            )
+        verdict = "PASS" if _db_pass(check, measured, limit) else "FAIL"
+        return _pack(
+            check, verdict, mand, nets=nets,
+            measured_db=measured, limit_db=limit, value_kind="NUMERIC",
+            notes=(
+                f"L3 {check} FACT {measured:g} dB vs cited {limit:g} dB. "
+                f"Not invented. Not OpenEMS. L0/L1 are not electrical."
+            ),
+        )
+
+    if check == "channel":
+        if not facts:
+            return _skip(
+                check, mand, inst, kind,
+                "modello di canale completo (IL/RL/budget FACT già presenti)",
+                nets=nets,
+            )
+        if facts.get("channel_complete") is True:
+            il = _il_measured(facts)
+            rl = _rl_measured(facts)
+            total = _num(facts.get("total_budget_ps"))
+            used = _used_from_parts(facts)
+            remaining = remaining_margin_ps(total, used, _num(facts.get("remaining_margin_ps")))
+            if il is not None and rl is not None and remaining is not None:
+                il_c = _constraint_for(iface, "insertion_loss")
+                rl_c = _constraint_for(iface, "return_loss")
+                tb_c = _constraint_for(iface, "timing_budget")
+                il_lim = _limit_from_constraint(il_c, _DB_UNITS)
+                rl_lim = _limit_from_constraint(rl_c, _DB_UNITS)
+                tb_lim = _limit_from_constraint(tb_c, _TIME_UNITS)
+                if il_lim is None or rl_lim is None:
+                    return _skip(
+                        check, mand, inst, kind,
+                        "limiti citati per IL/RL sul canale completo",
+                        nets=nets,
+                    )
+                ok = _db_pass("insertion_loss", il, il_lim) and _db_pass("return_loss", rl, rl_lim)
+                min_m = tb_lim if tb_lim is not None else 0.0
+                ok = ok and remaining >= min_m
+                return _pack(
+                    check, "PASS" if ok else "FAIL", mand, nets=nets,
+                    measured_db=il, remaining_margin_ps=remaining, value_kind="NUMERIC",
+                    notes=(
+                        "L3 complete channel from existing FACT (not OpenEMS). "
+                        f"IL={il:g} dB RL={rl:g} dB margin={remaining:g} ps."
+                    ),
+                )
+        return _skip(
+            check, mand, inst, kind,
+            "canale completo (channel_complete + IL/RL/budget FACT)",
+            nets=nets,
+        )
+
+    # connector / via / package at L3 — FACT only, never FEM
+    if check in {"connector", "via_transitions", "via_transition", "package"}:
+        return _skip(
+            check, mand, inst, kind,
+            f"{check} channel FACT (no OpenEMS/FEM)",
+            nets=nets,
+        )
+    return _pack(check, "UNKNOWN", mand, value_kind=kind, notes="Not an L3 channel check.")
+
+
+def certify_instance_l3(
+    inst: PhysicalBusInstance,
+    iface: PhysicalInterface,
+    channel_data: Any = None,
+) -> list[L3CheckResult]:
+    if inst.pcb_relevant == "NO" or iface.pcb_relevant == "NO":
+        return [_pack(
+            "channel", "NOT_APPLICABLE", "INFORMATIONAL",
+            notes=(
+                "Internal interconnect — L3 channel N/A, not FAIL. "
+                "L0/L1 are not electrical. Not OpenEMS."
+            ),
+        )]
+    checks: list[str] = []
+    for c in L3_CORE:
+        if c not in checks:
+            checks.append(c)
+    for c in iface.required_checks:
+        if c in L3_CHECKS and c not in checks:
+            checks.append(c)
+    facts = lookup_channel_facts(inst, channel_data)
+    return [_run_l3_check(inst, iface, c, facts) for c in checks]
+
+
+def l3_findings(inst: PhysicalBusInstance, results: list[L3CheckResult]) -> list[Finding]:
+    out: list[Finding] = []
+    designator = inst.host_ref or inst.physical_interface_id
+    for r in results:
+        if r.result == "PASS":
+            continue
+        if r.result == "FAIL" and r.mandatory != "MANDATORY":
+            continue
+        skip_family = r.result in {
+            "UNKNOWN", "VENDOR_DEPENDENT", "CONTROLLER_DEPENDENT",
+            "PHY_DEPENDENT", "MISSING_SOURCE",
+        }
+        fail = r.result == "FAIL" and r.mandatory == "MANDATORY"
+        na = r.result == "NOT_APPLICABLE"
+        if not skip_family and not fail and not na:
+            continue
+        if fail:
+            rule_id = "PE-PRT-L3-002"
+            status = "ERROR"
+            finding = f"L3 channel {r.check}: {r.notes}"
+        elif skip_family:
+            rule_id = "PE-PRT-L3-001"
+            status = "WARNING"
+            finding = r.notes or (
+                f"Interfaccia {inst.physical_interface_id} non certificata a L3 "
+                f"per {r.check} ({r.result})."
+            )
+        else:
+            rule_id = "PE-PRT-L0-002"
+            status = "INFO"
+            finding = r.notes
+        f = Finding(
+            designator=designator,
+            mpn="",
+            aspect="protocol_l3",
+            finding=finding,
+            why=r.notes,
+            status=status,
+            source=SOURCE,
+            net=r.nets[0] if r.nets else None,
+            rule_id=rule_id,
+            facts=finding,
+            requirement="L3 channel only from existing FACT (dB/ps). No OpenEMS. No invented S-param.",
+            inference="L3 is channel. L0/L1 are not electrical. Timing budget = total−used=margin.",
+            provenance="MANDATORY" if fail else "TYPICAL",
+            finding_class="RULE" if fail else ("REVIEW" if skip_family else "INFO"),
+            evidence_status="INSUFFICIENT" if skip_family else "SUFFICIENT",
+        )
+        out.append(complete_finding(f))
+    return out
+
+
+def certify_l3(
+    instances: list[PhysicalBusInstance],
+    catalog: ProtocolCatalog | None = None,
+    *,
+    channel_data: Any = None,
+) -> tuple[dict[str, list[L3CheckResult]], list[Finding]]:
+    cat = catalog or load_catalog()
+    ifaces = {p.id: p for p in cat.physical_interfaces}
+    by_id: dict[str, list[L3CheckResult]] = {}
+    findings: list[Finding] = []
+    for inst in instances:
+        iface = ifaces.get(inst.physical_interface_id)
+        if iface is None:
+            continue
+        rows = certify_instance_l3(inst, iface, channel_data=channel_data)
+        by_id[inst.instance_id] = rows
+        findings.extend(l3_findings(inst, rows))
+    return by_id, findings
+
+
+def load_channel_data_file(path: Any) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+    """Load existing channel_data.json. Does not parse Touchstone or run FEM."""
+    from pathlib import Path
+    import json
+
+    p = Path(path) if path is not None else None
+    if p is None or not p.is_file():
+        return None
+    try:
+        raw = json.loads(p.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+    except (OSError, json.JSONDecodeError):
+        return None
+    if not isinstance(raw, dict):
+        return None
+    return raw

periscope/src/backend/periscopex/protocol_report.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-"""M5: protocol report view — checks, chain, FAIL before WARNING, visible skips.
+"""M5/M9: protocol report view — checks, chain, FAIL before WARNING, visible skips.
 
-Does not invent Z. Does not run L3/OpenEMS. Does not add pack numbers.
+Does not invent Z or S-parameters. L3 uses existing channel FACT only.
+OpenEMS/FEM out of product. Does not add pack numbers.
 L0/L1 are not electrical certification.
 """
 
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ from backend.periscopex.protocol_catalog import PhysicalInterface, ProtocolConst
 from backend.periscopex.protocol_l0 import _constraint_for
 from backend.periscopex.protocol_recognize import PhysicalBusInstance
 
-PACK_MACROPHASE = "M8"
+PACK_MACROPHASE = "M9"
 
 _SKIP = frozenset({
     "UNKNOWN", "MISSING_SOURCE", "VENDOR_DEPENDENT",
@@ -45,11 +46,19 @@ def _unit(dump: dict[str, Any]) -> str:
         return "mm"
     if dump.get("measured_ohm") is not None or dump.get("limit_ohm") is not None:
         return "ohm"
+    if dump.get("measured_db") is not None or dump.get("limit_db") is not None:
+        return "dB"
+    if (
+        dump.get("measured_ps") is not None
+        or dump.get("limit_ps") is not None
+        or dump.get("remaining_margin_ps") is not None
+    ):
+        return "ps"
     return ""
 
 
 def _measured(dump: dict[str, Any]) -> float | None:
-    for k in ("measured_ohm", "measured_mm"):
+    for k in ("measured_ohm", "measured_mm", "measured_db", "measured_ps", "remaining_margin_ps"):
         v = dump.get(k)
         if isinstance(v, (int, float)):
             return float(v)
@@ -57,7 +66,7 @@ def _measured(dump: dict[str, Any]) -> float | None:
 
 
 def _limit(dump: dict[str, Any]) -> float | None:
-    for k in ("limit_ohm", "limit_mm", "limit_ohm_max"):
+    for k in ("limit_ohm", "limit_mm", "limit_ohm_max", "limit_db", "limit_ps"):
         v = dump.get(k)
         if isinstance(v, (int, float)):
             return float(v)
@@ -65,7 +74,7 @@ def _limit(dump: dict[str, Any]) -> float | None:
 
 
 def _margin(dump: dict[str, Any]) -> float | None:
-    for k in ("margin_ohm", "margin_mm"):
+    for k in ("margin_ohm", "margin_mm", "margin_db", "margin_ps", "remaining_margin_ps"):
         v = dump.get(k)
         if isinstance(v, (int, float)):
             return float(v)
@@ -178,17 +187,20 @@ def attach_instance_report(
     l0: list[Any],
     l1: list[Any],
     l2: list[Any],
+    l3: list[Any] | None = None,
 ) -> dict[str, Any]:
     dumps = (
         [c.model_dump() if hasattr(c, "model_dump") else dict(c) for c in l0]
         + [c.model_dump() if hasattr(c, "model_dump") else dict(c) for c in l1]
         + [c.model_dump() if hasattr(c, "model_dump") else dict(c) for c in l2]
+        + [c.model_dump() if hasattr(c, "model_dump") else dict(c) for c in (l3 or [])]
     )
     rows = [check_to_report_row(d, inst, iface) for d in dumps]
-    rows.append(l3_not_run_row(inst))
+    if not any(r["level"] == "L3" for r in rows):
+        rows.append(l3_not_run_row(inst))
     rows.sort(key=lambda r: (r["rank"], str(r["level"]), str(r["check"])))
     worst = instance_worst_result([str(r["result"]) for r in rows if r["level"] != "L3"])
-    # L3 not-run must not upgrade instance to PASS or hide FAIL
+    # L3 skip/UNKNOWN must not upgrade instance to PASS or hide FAIL
     return {
         "report_checks": rows,
         "worst_result": worst,

periscope/src/backend/services/pcb_pipeline.py

@@ -111,6 +111,17 @@ def _load_constraints_map(
     return result
 
 
+def _load_channel_data(ws: PipelineWorkspace) -> dict | None:
+    """Use existing channel_data.json only. Do not parse Touchstone or run OpenEMS."""
+    from backend.periscopex.protocol_l3 import load_channel_data_file
+
+    for rel in ("channel_data.json", "uploads/channel_data.json"):
+        loaded = load_channel_data_file(ws.local_path(rel))
+        if loaded is not None:
+            return loaded
+    return None
+
+
 def si_extract_needed_skips(
     graph: DesignGraph,
     cmap: dict,
@@ -379,6 +390,7 @@ async def run_pcb_pipeline(
             proto_section, proto_findings = protocol_exam(
                 graph, layout=layout,
                 constraints_map=cmap, impedance_nets=zrep,
+                channel_data=_load_channel_data(ws),
             )
             findings.extend(proto_findings)
             assign_pcb_finding_ids(findings)

periscope/src/frontend/content/changelog.md

@@ -2,6 +2,13 @@
 
 What's new in Periscope.
 
+## 2.71.0 — 2026-09-22 — Protocol certification M9 (L3 channel + visible skip)
+
+L3 **CHANNEL** certifier: structure for timing budget (TOTAL−USED=MARGIN), insertion loss, return loss, crosstalk, and complete channel. Numerical PASS/FAIL only when **existing channel FACT** (dB/ps) is already present — never invented S-parameters, never OpenEMS/FEM. Otherwise a visible skip: «Interfaccia X non certificata a L3 per mancanza di …». Internals (AXI/HBM) stay NOT_APPLICABLE. L0/L1 are not electrical. No M6 numeric packs.
+
+- [New] `protocol_l3.py`; `PE-PRT-L3-001` / `PE-PRT-L3-002`.
+- [New] pytest `tests/pcb/test_protocol_l3_m9.py`.
+
 ## 2.70.0 — 2026-09-22 — Protocol certification M8 (DDR instance + L1 grouping)
 
 DDR **physical instances** are controller-aware: one instance per memory device, DQ/DQS **byte lanes** separate from ADDRESS / COMMAND / CONTROL / CLOCK. Skew/length stay **CONTROLLER_DEPENDENT / PHY_DEPENDENT / UNKNOWN** — no universal mm/ps/ohm. HBM is package/interposer (`pcb_relevant: NO`); classic DDR PCB DQ rules are not applied. M6 numeric packs and L3 solver are not in this release.

periscope/src/frontend/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "periscope-web",
-  "version": "2.70.0",
+  "version": "2.71.0",
   "private": true,
   "scripts": {
     "sync-version": "node scripts/sync-version.mjs",

periscope/src/frontend/src/components/report/protocol-section.tsx

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ function asChecks(row: Record<string, unknown>): ProtocolReportCheck[] {
     return sortProtocolChecks(raw as ProtocolReportCheck[]);
   }
   const fallback: ProtocolReportCheck[] = [];
-  for (const key of ["l0_checks", "l1_checks", "l2_checks"] as const) {
+  for (const key of ["l0_checks", "l1_checks", "l2_checks", "l3_checks"] as const) {
     const list = row[key];
     if (!Array.isArray(list)) continue;
     for (const c of list) {
@@ -53,12 +53,13 @@ export function ProtocolSection({
         <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
           Livello massimo: <span className="font-mono text-foreground">{maxLevel}</span>
           {" "}
-          (L0–L3; L3 not run unless channel data exists)
+          (L0–L3; L3 skip unless channel FACT exists — no OpenEMS)
         </p>
       </div>
       <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
         Logical protocol vs physical interface. L0 structural, L1 geometric,
         L2 electrical (Z only from datasheet/stackup/fab or a cited pack).
+        L3 channel (timing budget / IL / RL / crosstalk) only from existing FACT.
         L0/L1 are not electrical. Length is not delay. FAIL is listed first —
         it is not filed under Warning.
       </p>

tests/pcb/test_protocol_ddr_m8.py

@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ def test_hbm_not_classic_ddr_dq_rules():
     assert one.groups == []
     assert one.physical_interface_id.endswith("-package")
     sec, findings = protocol_exam(_hbm_graph())
-    assert sec.macrophase == "M8"
+    assert sec.macrophase == "M9"
     assert all(f.status != "ERROR" for f in findings)
     rows = [
         c for r in sec.recognized_instances if "hbm" in str(r.get("logical_protocol_id"))

tests/pcb/test_protocol_l0_m2.py

@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ def test_axi_internal_l0_not_applicable_not_fail():
     assert all(r.result == "NOT_APPLICABLE" for r in rows)
     assert all(r.result != "FAIL" for r in rows)
     sec, findings = protocol_exam(_axi_graph())
-    assert sec.max_level_reached == "L2"
+    assert sec.max_level_reached == "L3"
     from backend.periscopex.protocol_report import PACK_MACROPHASE as L8_MACRO
     assert sec.macrophase == L8_MACRO
     assert all(f.status != "ERROR" for f in findings)

tests/pcb/test_protocol_l1_m3.py

@@ -165,8 +165,8 @@ def test_axi_internal_l1_not_applicable():
     assert all(r.result == "NOT_APPLICABLE" for r in rows)
     assert all(r.result != "FAIL" for r in rows)
     sec, exam_findings = protocol_exam(_axi_graph(), layout=LayoutGraph())
-    assert sec.max_level_reached == "L2"
-    assert sec.macrophase == "M8"
+    assert sec.max_level_reached == "L3"
+    assert sec.macrophase == "M9"
     assert all(f.status != "ERROR" for f in exam_findings)
     blob = json.dumps([r.model_dump() for r in rows])
     assert "electrical certification" not in blob.lower() or "not electrical" in blob.lower()
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ def test_l1_does_not_run_impedance():
 
 def test_protocol_exam_attaches_l1_checks():
     sec, _ = protocol_exam(_usb_connected(), layout=_usb_layout())
-    assert sec.max_level_reached == "L2"
+    assert sec.max_level_reached == "L3"
     assert sec.recognized_instances
     row = sec.recognized_instances[0]
     assert row.get("l1_checks")

tests/pcb/test_protocol_l2_m4.py

@@ -204,8 +204,8 @@ def test_axi_internal_l2_not_applicable():
     assert rows
     assert all(r.result == "NOT_APPLICABLE" for r in rows)
     sec, findings = protocol_exam(_axi_graph())
-    assert sec.max_level_reached == "L2"
-    assert sec.macrophase == "M8"
+    assert sec.max_level_reached == "L3"
+    assert sec.macrophase == "M9"
     assert all(f.status != "ERROR" for f in findings)
     blob = json.dumps([r.model_dump() for r in rows])
     assert "L0/L1 are not electrical" in blob
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ def test_l2_does_not_run_l3_or_geometry():
 
 def test_protocol_exam_attaches_l2_checks():
     sec, _ = protocol_exam(_usb_connected())
-    assert sec.max_level_reached == "L2"
+    assert sec.max_level_reached == "L3"
     row = sec.recognized_instances[0]
     assert row.get("l2_checks")
     assert all(c.get("level") == "L2" for c in row["l2_checks"])

tests/pcb/test_protocol_l3_m9.py

@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+"""M9 L3 CHANNEL certifier: structure + skip; numeric only with existing FACT."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+
+from backend.periscopex.models import (
+    Component,
+    ComponentType,
+    DesignGraph,
+    Net,
+    NetType,
+    PinConnection,
+)
+from backend.periscopex.protocol_catalog import (
+    ConstraintSource,
+    PhysicalInterface,
+    ProtocolConstraint,
+)
+from backend.periscopex.protocol_l0 import protocol_exam
+from backend.periscopex.protocol_l3 import (
+    _pack,
+    certify_instance_l3,
+    certify_l3,
+    remaining_margin_ps,
+)
+from backend.periscopex.protocol_recognize import (
+    PhysicalBusInstance,
+    recognize_physical_buses,
+)
+
+
+def _ic(ref: str, pins: dict[str, str], *, mpn: str = "", value: str = "") -> Component:
+    return Component(
+        reference=ref, value=value or mpn, footprint="",
+        component_type=ComponentType.IC, mpn=mpn or None, pins=pins,
+    )
+
+
+def _net(name: str, *pairs: tuple[str, str]) -> Net:
+    return Net(
+        name=name, net_type=NetType.SIGNAL,
+        pins=[PinConnection(component_ref=r, pin_number=p) for r, p in pairs],
+    )
+
+
+def _usb_connected() -> DesignGraph:
+    return DesignGraph(
+        components={
+            "U1": _ic("U1", {"1": "USB_D+", "2": "USB_D-"}, mpn="CH340E"),
+            "J2": Component(
+                reference="J2", value="USB2_TypeA",
+                footprint="USB_A",
+                component_type=ComponentType.CONNECTOR,
+                pins={"2": "USB_D+", "3": "USB_D-"},
+            ),
+        },
+        nets={
+            "USB_D+": _net("USB_D+", ("U1", "1"), ("J2", "2")),
+            "USB_D-": _net("USB_D-", ("U1", "2"), ("J2", "3")),
+        },
+    )
+
+
+def _hdmi_graph() -> DesignGraph:
+    pins = {"1": "HDMI_TX0_P", "2": "HDMI_TX0_N", "3": "HDMI_CLK_P", "4": "HDMI_CLK_N"}
+    return DesignGraph(
+        components={
+            "U8": _ic("U8", pins, mpn="ADV7511", value="HDMI transmitter"),
+            "J8": Component(
+                reference="J8", value="HDMI-A",
+                footprint="HDMI",
+                component_type=ComponentType.CONNECTOR,
+                pins=pins,
+            ),
+        },
+        nets={n: _net(n, ("U8", p), ("J8", p)) for p, n in pins.items()},
+        schematic_fields={"J8": {"protocol": "hdmi-1.4-tmds-type-a"}},
+    )
+
+
+def _pcie_graph() -> DesignGraph:
+    pins = {"1": "PCIE_TX_P", "2": "PCIE_TX_N", "3": "PCIE_RX_P", "4": "PCIE_RX_N"}
+    return DesignGraph(
+        components={
+            "U7": _ic("U7", pins, mpn="PI7C9X2G304GP", value="PCIe switch"),
+            "J7": Component(
+                reference="J7", value="PCIe x1",
+                footprint="PCIE",
+                component_type=ComponentType.CONNECTOR,
+                pins=pins,
+            ),
+        },
+        nets={n: _net(n, ("U7", p), ("J7", p)) for p, n in pins.items()},
+        schematic_fields={"U7": {"protocol": "pcie-phy-pcb"}},
+    )
+
+
+def _axi_graph() -> DesignGraph:
+    return DesignGraph(
+        components={
+            "U3": _ic("U3", {"1": "AXI_AWVALID"}, mpn="XC7A100T", value="AXI4 interconnect"),
+        },
+        nets={"AXI_AWVALID": _net("AXI_AWVALID", ("U3", "1"))},
+    )
+
+
+def _cite() -> ConstraintSource:
+    return ConstraintSource(
+        document="Fixture channel pack", organization="TESTLAB", section="4.1",
+    )
+
+
+def _iface_with_numeric(*, il_db: float = -8.0, rl_db: float = -10.0,
+                        margin_ps: float = 0.0) -> PhysicalInterface:
+    return PhysicalInterface(
+        id="fixture-hs-dpair",
+        logical_protocol_id="fixture-hs",
+        bus_type="SERIAL",
+        physical_layer="SERIAL_DIFFERENTIAL",
+        pcb_relevant="YES",
+        required_checks=[
+            "insertion_loss", "return_loss", "crosstalk",
+            "timing_budget", "channel",
+        ],
+        constraints=[
+            ProtocolConstraint(
+                id="fixture-il", parameter="insertion_loss",
+                value_kind="NUMERIC", mandatory="MANDATORY",
+                source_type="STANDARD", source_class="NORMATIVE",
+                value=il_db, unit="dB", source=_cite(),
+            ),
+            ProtocolConstraint(
+                id="fixture-rl", parameter="return_loss",
+                value_kind="NUMERIC", mandatory="MANDATORY",
+                source_type="STANDARD", source_class="NORMATIVE",
+                value=rl_db, unit="dB", source=_cite(),
+            ),
+            ProtocolConstraint(
+                id="fixture-xt", parameter="crosstalk",
+                value_kind="NUMERIC", mandatory="RECOMMENDED",
+                source_type="STANDARD", source_class="NORMATIVE",
+                value=-20.0, unit="dB", source=_cite(),
+            ),
+            ProtocolConstraint(
+                id="fixture-tb", parameter="timing_budget",
+                value_kind="NUMERIC", mandatory="MANDATORY",
+                source_type="STANDARD", source_class="NORMATIVE",
+                value=margin_ps, unit="ps", source=_cite(),
+            ),
+        ],
+    )
+
+
+def _inst() -> PhysicalBusInstance:
+    return PhysicalBusInstance(
+        instance_id="fixture-1",
+        logical_protocol_id="fixture-hs",
+        physical_interface_id="fixture-hs-dpair",
+        pcb_relevant="YES",
+        confidence=1.0,
+        evidence_kind="net_name",
+        recognition_status="RECOGNIZED",
+        nets=["CH_P", "CH_N"],
+        host_ref="U1",
+    )
+
+
+def test_remaining_margin_is_total_minus_used():
+    assert remaining_margin_ps(200.0, 120.0) == 80.0
+    assert remaining_margin_ps(200.0, 120.0, 77.0) == 77.0
+    assert remaining_margin_ps(None, 10.0) is None
+
+
+def test_usb_hdmi_pcie_skip_without_channel_data():
+    for graph, token in ((_usb_connected(), "usb"), (_hdmi_graph(), "hdmi"), (_pcie_graph(), "pcie")):
+        sec, findings = protocol_exam(graph)
+        assert sec.max_level_reached == "L3"
+        assert sec.macrophase == "M9"
+        row = next(
+            r for r in sec.recognized_instances
+            if token in str(r.get("logical_protocol_id")).lower()
+            or token in str(r.get("physical_interface_id")).lower()
+        )
+        l3 = row["l3_checks"]
+        assert l3
+        names = {c["check"] for c in l3}
+        assert {"timing_budget", "insertion_loss", "return_loss", "crosstalk", "channel"} <= names
+        assert all(c["result"] != "PASS" for c in l3)
+        notes = " ".join(c.get("notes") or "" for c in l3)
+        assert "non certificata a L3 per mancanza" in notes
+        assert "OpenEMS" in notes
+        blob = json.dumps(l3)
+        assert "90" not in blob
+        assert any(f.rule_id == "PE-PRT-L3-001" for f in findings)
+        assert "s21" not in blob.lower() or "invent" in notes.lower()
+
+
+def test_axi_l3_not_applicable_not_fail():
+    sec, findings = protocol_exam(_axi_graph())
+    row = next(
+        r for r in sec.recognized_instances
+        if "axi" in str(r.get("logical_protocol_id"))
+    )
+    l3 = row["l3_checks"]
+    assert l3
+    assert all(c["result"] == "NOT_APPLICABLE" for c in l3)
+    assert all(c["result"] != "FAIL" for c in l3)
+    assert all(f.rule_id != "PE-PRT-L3-002" for f in findings)
+    assert all(f.status != "ERROR" or f.source != "protocol_l3" for f in findings)
+
+
+def test_fixture_channel_pass_with_existing_fact():
+    iface = _iface_with_numeric()
+    inst = _inst()
+    data = {
+        "instances": {
+            inst.instance_id: {
+                "insertion_loss_db": -3.0,
+                "return_loss_db": -15.0,
+                "crosstalk_db": -28.0,
+                "total_budget_ps": 200.0,
+                "used_budget_ps": 120.0,
+                "channel_complete": True,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    rows = certify_instance_l3(inst, iface, channel_data=data)
+    by_check = {r.check: r for r in rows}
+    assert by_check["insertion_loss"].result == "PASS"
+    assert by_check["return_loss"].result == "PASS"
+    assert by_check["timing_budget"].result == "PASS"
+    assert by_check["timing_budget"].remaining_margin_ps == 80.0
+    assert by_check["channel"].result == "PASS"
+    assert by_check["insertion_loss"].measured_db == -3.0
+    notes = " ".join(r.notes.lower() for r in rows)
+    assert "not invented" in notes
+    assert "not openems" in notes
+
+
+def test_fixture_channel_fail_mandatory_il():
+    iface = _iface_with_numeric()
+    inst = _inst()
+    data = {
+        inst.instance_id: {
+            "s21_db": -12.0,
+            "s11_db": -15.0,
+            "total_budget_ps": 200.0,
+            "used_budget_ps": 50.0,
+        }
+    }
+    rows = certify_instance_l3(inst, iface, channel_data=data)
+    il = next(r for r in rows if r.check == "insertion_loss")
+    assert il.result == "FAIL"
+    findings = []
+    from backend.periscopex.protocol_l3 import l3_findings
+    findings = l3_findings(inst, rows)
+    assert any(f.rule_id == "PE-PRT-L3-002" and f.status == "ERROR" for f in findings)
+
+
+def test_recommended_never_fail_l3():
+    rec = _pack("crosstalk", "FAIL", "RECOMMENDED", notes="xt")
+    assert rec.result != "FAIL"
+    assert rec.status != "ERROR"
+
+
+def test_raw_touchstone_without_fact_is_skip_not_invented():
+    iface = _iface_with_numeric()
+    inst = _inst()
+    data = {inst.instance_id: {"sparam_file": "lane.s4p", "touchstone": "lane.s4p"}}
+    rows = certify_instance_l3(inst, iface, channel_data=data)
+    assert all(r.result != "PASS" for r in rows)
+    notes = " ".join(r.notes for r in rows)
+    assert "non certificata a L3" in notes
+    assert "invent" in notes.lower() or "non inventati" in notes.lower() or "not invented" in notes.lower()
+    blob = json.dumps([r.model_dump() for r in rows])
+    # no synthesized S21 numbers
+    assert '"measured_db": null' in blob or all(r.measured_db is None for r in rows)
+
+
+def test_openems_method_is_explicit_skip():
+    iface = _iface_with_numeric()
+    inst = _inst()
+    data = {
+        inst.instance_id: {
+            "insertion_loss_db": -2.0,
+            "method": "OpenEMS",
+            "solver": "FEM",
+        }
+    }
+    rows = certify_instance_l3(inst, iface, channel_data=data)
+    notes = " ".join(r.notes for r in rows)
+    assert "non certificata a L3" in notes
+    assert all(r.result != "PASS" for r in rows)
+
+
+def test_no_sparam_invention_on_empty_channel_data():
+    insts = recognize_physical_buses(_usb_connected())
+    by, findings = certify_l3(insts, channel_data=None)
+    rows = [r for lst in by.values() for r in lst]
+    blob = json.dumps([r.model_dump() for r in rows])
+    assert "s21" not in blob.lower()
+    assert all(r.measured_db is None for r in rows)
+    assert any("mancanza" in r.notes for r in rows)
+    assert any(f.rule_id == "PE-PRT-L3-001" for f in findings)
+
+
+def test_protocol_exam_attaches_l3_and_does_not_call_l0_electrical():
+    sec, _ = protocol_exam(_usb_connected())
+    row = sec.recognized_instances[0]
+    assert row.get("l3_checks")
+    assert all(c.get("level") == "L3" for c in row["l3_checks"])
+    notes = " ".join(c.get("notes") or "" for c in row["l3_checks"])
+    assert "L0/L1 are not electrical" in notes
+    l0notes = json.dumps(row.get("l0_checks") or [])
+    assert "ohm" not in l0notes.lower() or "not" in l0notes.lower()

tests/pcb/test_protocol_report_m5.py

@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ def test_result_rank_fail_before_warning():
 
 def test_usb2_pair_l0_pass_l2_z_unknown_no_invented_ohm():
     sec, _ = protocol_exam(_usb_connected())
-    assert sec.max_level_reached == "L2"
-    assert sec.macrophase == "M8"
+    assert sec.max_level_reached == "L3"
+    assert sec.macrophase == "M9"
     usb = next(
         r for r in sec.recognized_instances
         if "usb" in str(r.get("logical_protocol_id"))