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micheleandClaude Sonnet 5 91bbbe2fe5 feat(v2): M10 Optimization - data-driven findings, completes the V2 roadmap 
Final milestone of docs/v2-description.md's §33 roadmap, scoped
exactly to its own mandate: optimize only on data already gathered in
M1-M9, across the pipeline/P_IN/processor-count/scheduling/memory
axes - no speculative new features.

Three concrete, data-driven results:

1. N_SLOTS=8 (numero processor axis): real synthesis + nextpnr-ecp5
   P&R for dataflow_core at N_SLOTS=8, extending M7's N_SLOTS=2/4
   sweep to the real DSP ceiling DEC-0005 predicted. 92.63 MHz
   POST-P&R, PASS at 80MHz, DSP 64/72 (88.9%). DEC-0012 recommends
   N_SLOTS=8 as the practical ceiling for P_IN=8 on the
   LFE5U-45F-8BG381.

2. ACC_WIDTH 24 vs 32 (pipeline axis): a real 6-seed nextpnr-ecp5
   placement sweep (reusing already-synthesized netlists, no new
   synthesis needed) resolves EXP-0002's single-seed
   inconclusiveness. ACC_WIDTH=24 wins on both mean Fmax (+6.2%,
   180.71 vs 170.12 MHz) and seed-to-seed variance (~3.4x tighter),
   on top of its already-known resource advantage. DEC-0013
   recommends ACC_WIDTH=24 as the new default.

3. Stall %/utilization (scheduling/memory axes): testbench-only cycle
   counters added to tb_neural_multiprocessor.v (no RTL touched)
   close DEC-0011's deferred measurement gap with real data - shared
   PSRAM port 81.7% utilized, slot 0 95.2%, slot 1 65.2%, no
   conclusive evidence of harmful fixed-priority starvation at this
   scale.

The 10-milestone V2 roadmap (docs/v2-description.md §33) is now
complete end-to-end: real Verilator simulation, real Yosys synthesis,
real nextpnr-ecp5 place & route for every milestone, fully logged
(EXP-0001..EXP-0013, DEC-0001..DEC-0013, ERR-0001..ERR-0008) with no
invented results (§30) and V1 kept frozen and untouched throughout
(§1/§34).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_013xXuuRUWZScuo1DeYJxs3v
 2026-09-05 18:58:10 +02:00
micheleandClaude Sonnet 5 6cff2c8a7c feat(v2): M8 PSRAM integration - real V1 backend shared across concurrent slots 
neural_multiprocessor.v wraps dataflow_core.v (M7, unmodified) around
the real, unmodified V1 PSRAM backend chain (int8_memory_access ->
memory_interface -> psram_controller), funneling N_SLOTS independent
Memory Backend Interface ports through a new generic N-port arbiter
(slot_mem_arbiter.v) inspired by (not copied from) V1's own
mem_arbiter.v.

Real concurrent-slot simulation immediately surfaced a genuine bug
(ERR-0008): memory_manager/prefetch_engine's byte-level backend
protocol is fire-and-forget (a single-cycle mem_req pulse with no
accept handshake) - correct for M4's direct 1:1 connection, but a
naive arbiter silently drops a pulse arriving while the shared bus is
owned by another slot, hanging that slot forever. Fixed with a
per-port pending-request latch, the same "queue, don't drop" idiom
already used by memory_manager's own pf_pending register (ERR-0006).

Verified (Verilator): 4/4 PASS with 2 slots genuinely contending for
one real PSRAM port (444 cycles). No regression on M4's own
testbench. Real synthesis + nextpnr-ecp5 P&R (no harness needed - real
PSRAM pins keep the top-level at 157 pins): 0 problems, Fmax 142.45
MHz, PASS at 80MHz.

Arbitration policy is fixed lowest-index priority, not fairness-
balanced (DEC-0010) - consistent with every other "simplest correct
policy first" scheduling choice in this roadmap, revisited only if
M9's real measurement shows starvation matters.

Logged: simulation/synthesis/timing/benchmark/decisions (DEC-0010)/
experiments (EXP-0009)/errors (ERR-0008)/development.log, ROADMAP.md
updated.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_013xXuuRUWZScuo1DeYJxs3v
 2026-09-05 15:13:11 +02:00
micheleandClaude Sonnet 5 77baa8fc16 feat(v2): M7 Dataflow Core - full M1-M6 integration, wake-up loop closed end-to-end 
dataflow_core.v integrates dependency_manager (M6) -> neural_director
(M5) -> N_SLOTS x (memory_manager (M4) + neural_processor (M1)) for
the first time. A slot's completion (via neural_director's new
slot_node_id tracking, an additive port) feeds back as a
producer_done event to dependency_manager, waking up any node that
depended on it - closing the dataflow loop without external glue.

Verified end-to-end (Verilator) on a 3-node DAG: two independent
nodes plus a third depending on both, confirmed to dispatch only
after both genuinely complete via real neural_processor computation.
4/4 PASS.

Real synthesis + nextpnr-ecp5 P&R via a synthesis-only timing harness
(bare per-slot backend ports exceed the LFE5U-45F's TRELLIS_IO
budget, same pattern as ERR-0005): N_SLOTS=2 -> 165.15 MHz,
N_SLOTS=4 -> 133.19 MHz, both PASS at 80MHz, 0 synthesis problems.

Scope explicitly deferred to M8 (DEC-0009): M3's BRAM buffers not
wired in yet, per-slot Memory Backend Interface ports not arbitrated
to one shared PSRAM master yet - both need real measured data before
committing to a design, not guessed at here.

Logged: simulation/synthesis/timing/benchmark/decisions (DEC-0009)/
experiments (EXP-0008)/errors (ERR-0007, a Yosys chparam-ordering
build quirk, not an RTL bug)/development.log, ROADMAP.md updated.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_013xXuuRUWZScuo1DeYJxs3v
 2026-09-05 15:05:28 +02:00
micheleandClaude Sonnet 5 8af16d3a12 feat(v2): M6 Dependency Manager, multi-dependency wake-up 
Implements M6: dependency_manager.v tracks a table of node
descriptors (node_id/state/required_dependencies/resolved_
dependencies/producer_ids -- §10's exact field list), incrementing a
waiting node's resolved count whenever one of its listed producers
completes, transitioning it to READY once resolved==required, and
dispatching ready nodes to the Neural Director (M5) one at a time via
a backpressure-safe valid/ready interface.

Verified with Verilator on a small hand-built DAG: node0/node1 have no
dependencies (dispatch immediately); node2 depends on BOTH node0 AND
node1 ("dipendenze multiple") and stays WAITING until both complete,
confirmed via an explicit negative check after only one resolves;
node3 depends on node0 ALONE, demonstrating a single producer
("node0") satisfying two different consumers' dependencies
("risultati condivisi... piu' consumer") -- node3 fully, node2
partially. 4/4 tests pass.

Scope for this milestone (decisions.log DEC-0008): dependency
COUNTING/readiness only, no direct producer-to-consumer value
forwarding (§11 frames that as a "quando possibile" optimization, not
a correctness requirement -- deferred until real bandwidth
measurements justify it) and no node-slot reclamation after dispatch
(not exercised by any scenario built so far).

Real synthesis: 0 CHECK problems, 763 LUT4/474 FF/0 DSP/0 CCU2C. Real
place&route (module fits the TRELLIS_IO budget as a bare top-level
this time, no harness needed): Fmax 155.30 MHz, PASS at 80MHz.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_013xXuuRUWZScuo1DeYJxs3v
 2026-09-05 14:51:02 +02:00
micheleandClaude Sonnet 5 2e4cedc761 feat(v2): M5 Neural Director, first-free job scheduling 
Implements M5: neural_director.v dispatches job descriptors to
whichever of N_SLOTS (memory_manager, neural_processor) pairs is
currently free (first-free scheduling per §9's initial policy), with
a parametric-depth ready-queue FIFO for jobs arriving faster than
slots can absorb them.

Scope for this milestone (see decisions.log DEC-0007): a reduced
4-state FSM (DIR_IDLE/SCAN_READY/ALLOCATE/ERROR) rather than §9's full
8-state baseline -- dependency tracking, the waiting queue, and
wake-up are §10's explicit responsibility (Dependency Manager, M6, not
yet built), and slot-completion detection runs as an always-active
per-slot tracker rather than a dedicated FSM state, for the same
reason DEC-0002 already gave for the Neural Processor's own FSM
(gating concurrent per-unit progress behind one shared state kills
throughput).

Verified with Verilator (N_SLOTS=2, each slot backed by its own
independent behavioral memory rather than sharing V1's real PSRAM --
M4 already proved that path for one slot; this milestone's own concern
is scheduling across multiple slots): 4/4 tests pass -- 3 jobs
submitted to 2 slots (first two dispatch immediately, third correctly
queues until a slot frees), and a deliberate burst that forces the
ready queue to genuinely fill and recover.

Real synthesis: 0 CHECK problems, 382 LUT4/366 FF/4 CCU2C/0 DSP. Real
place&route (via a synthesis-only timing harness, same TRELLIS_IO
pin-budget reason as M2/M4): Fmax 250.50 MHz, PASS at 80MHz.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_013xXuuRUWZScuo1DeYJxs3v
 2026-09-05 14:46:32 +02:00
micheleandClaude Sonnet 5 175f697ae1 feat(v2): M4 Memory Manager + Prefetch Engine, real V1 PSRAM backend 
Implements M4: memory_manager.v (arbitration/buffering/forwarding/
latency hiding/double buffering, §12) + prefetch_engine.v
(double-buffered tile fetch, §13), sitting on the REAL, UNMODIFIED V1
PSRAM backend chain (int8_memory_access.v -> memory_interface.v ->
psram_controller.v, per §15's explicit mandate not to touch the
controller).

Verified fully end-to-end with Verilator: real neural_processor (M1)
fed entirely by memory_manager, computing against PSRAM-resident X/W
tiles (double-buffered prefetch across up to 5 tiles) and writing its
result back to PSRAM -- checked via an independent PSRAM read-back,
with poison bytes around the operand regions to catch addressing
errors. 3/3 jobs pass (1/3/5-tile configurations).

Three real RTL bugs found and fixed during integration (full
diagnostic trail in errors.log ERR-0006): prefetch_engine had no
single-in-flight-request discipline, letting a queued request corrupt
the bank bookkeeping of a fetch already running; the fix's own
!pf_busy guard had a one-cycle blind spot (pf_busy lags pf_start by a
clock) that needed an explicit !pf_start term; and a state-based mux
for the shared backend port was off by one cycle, silently dropping
the PSRAM result write entirely.

Real synthesis: 0 CHECK problems, 851 LUT4/789 FF/108 CCU2C/0 DSP
(expected, no multiplication in this module). Real place&route (via a
synthesis-only timing harness, needed for the same TRELLIS_IO pin-
budget reason as M2's array): Fmax 165.86 MHz, PASS at 80MHz.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_013xXuuRUWZScuo1DeYJxs3v
 2026-09-05 14:39:29 +02:00
micheleandClaude Sonnet 5 5f0d7f101c feat(v2): M3 activation/weight/result buffers, real BRAM mapping 
Implements M3: three parametric dual-port buffers for the §12
data-plane (Input/Weight/Result), reusing the proven BRAM-inference
idiom from the frozen hardware/v1/rtl/act_buffer.v (synchronous write,
synchronous REGISTERED read, no reset on the read register -- keeps
Yosys off the LUT-RAM path).

Verified with Verilator: 10/10 tests pass (write-then-read
correctness, extreme INT8 round-tripping, weight_buffer's full 64-bit
tile width round-tripping, undisturbed re-reads).

Real synthesis at two depths per module (6 configs total): 0 CHECK
problems, every configuration correctly infers DP16KD (never
LUT-RAM). Non-obvious real finding: weight_buffer's BRAM cost is
driven by its P_IN*DATA_WIDTH tile width, not its DEPTH -- an 8x depth
reduction (512->64) left DP16KD usage unchanged at 2, while
activation_buffer/result_buffer (byte-wide) scale as naively expected
(2->1). All default-depth configs PASS at 80MHz with large margin
(287-367 MHz) via real nextpnr-ecp5 place&route.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_013xXuuRUWZScuo1DeYJxs3v
 2026-09-05 14:19:11 +02:00
micheleandClaude Sonnet 5 3026dcd997 feat(v2): M2 Neural Processor Array, N_PROCESSORS resource sweep 
Implements M2 of the V2 roadmap: neural_processor_array.v instantiates
N_PROCESSORS independent neural_processor (M1) units, each with its
own dedicated point-to-point job/operand/result interface -- no shared
bus or mux at this level (arbitration is explicitly the Neural
Director's job, M5).

Verified with Verilator (tb_neural_processor_array.v, N_PROCESSORS=4):
7/7 tests pass, including a same-cycle 4-way concurrent launch with
different tile counts and a staggered-start test where a
later-launched, shorter job completes before an earlier-launched,
longer one -- confirming genuine independent concurrent execution
(§18/§34: a blocked/busy processor must not block the others).

Real resource/timing sweep for N_PROCESSORS in {1,2,4,8} (Yosys +
nextpnr-ecp5, real place&route): Fmax stays above the 80MHz target
throughout (159.11 -> 134.70 MHz), but MULT18X18D usage scales
linearly and reaches 88% of the LFE5U-45F's 72 DSPs at N=8 while
LUT/FF stay under 6% -- DSP, not LUT/FF/routing, is the first hard
ceiling on N_PROCESSORS at P_IN=8 (decisions.log DEC-0005). Measured
via a dedicated synthesis-only timing harness after the array's wide
per-processor buses were found to exhaust the device's TRELLIS_IO pin
budget as a bare top-level module beyond N=1 (errors.log ERR-0005) --
not a logic limit, an artifact of testing the array in isolation
before the Memory Manager/Director (M4/M5) exist to consume those
ports on-chip.

Full log trail (development/experiments/errors/decisions/simulation/
synthesis/timing/benchmark.log) in hardware/v2/logs/ per the project's
logging mandate.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_013xXuuRUWZScuo1DeYJxs3v
 2026-09-05 14:15:11 +02:00
micheleandClaude Sonnet 5 dc0b331d3e feat(v2): scaffold hardware/v1 frozen baseline + M1 Neural Processor 
Begins the V2 Neural Multiprocessor / Dataflow architecture per
docs/v2-description.md, per explicit user request to freeze V1 and
start V2 development, copying from V1 what's needed.

Scaffold:
- hardware/v1/: byte-exact, read-only copy of the current V1 codebase
  (rtl, testbenches, tools, constraints, a representative subset of
  synthesis results, and reference docs) -- verified identical via
  diff/cmp against the live top-level tree before being made
  filesystem-read-only. The live top-level tree is untouched and
  remains the project's "production" V1 (see hardware/v1/README.md
  and hardware/v2/logs/decisions.log DEC-0001 for why copy-not-move).
- hardware/v2/: mandatory structure (rtl/sim/constraints/synthesis/
  reports/scripts/logs/docs) plus the full logging system required by
  the spec (development/architecture/simulation/synthesis/timing/
  benchmark/decisions/experiments/errors.log).

M1 -- Neural Processor (hardware/v2/rtl/neural_processor.v):
- 8-stage pipelined perceptron unit (P_IN=8): input align, 8
  multipliers, 3-level adder tree, accumulator, bias+activation, INT8
  saturation. Genuine 1-tile/cycle throughput, not just a wider
  combinational datapath.
- 7-state FSM (NP_IDLE..NP_ERROR per docs/v2-description.md §6, with
  4 baseline states merged into NP_WAIT_OPERANDS -- see
  decisions.log DEC-0002); valid/ready/data/last stream interfaces
  per §7.
- Bit-exact vs the frozen hardware/v1/rtl/neuron_parallel.v + mac8.v
  + mac_unit.v: 7/7 tests pass (hardware/v2/sim/tb_neural_processor.v),
  covering regular/mixed-sign/extreme-INT8 vectors, both activations,
  a zero-idle-gap back-to-back-tiles throughput check, and an 8-tile
  job -- verified with Verilator (see below for why).
- Real synthesis + place&route (Yosys + nextpnr-ecp5): 0 CHECK
  problems, Fmax 183.12 MHz at ACC_WIDTH=32 (PASS at 80MHz, ~3x V1's
  isolated PARALLEL=8 Fmax of 61.71 MHz) and 176.21 MHz at ACC_WIDTH=24
  (a user-requested comparison experiment, also bit-exact-verified;
  see experiments.log EXP-0001/EXP-0002 and benchmark.log).

Three real bugs found and resolved during M1 development (full
diagnostic record in errors.log):
- Two independent, reproducible Icarus Verilog v13.0 scheduling
  defects (ERR-0001, ERR-0002) that silently produced wrong simulation
  results for standard sequential Verilog -- confirmed via Verilator
  5.050 giving correct results on the same minimal repros. Verilator
  is now the trusted simulator for hardware/v2/ (decisions.log
  DEC-0004); Icarus's affected protocol-violation check was removed
  from the RTL and deferred architecturally to the Neural Director
  (DEC-0003) rather than chased further.
- One real RTL bug (ERR-0003): last0 wasn't gated like valid0,
  letting a "last tile" tag leak into the pipeline ahead of its
  actual valid tile on back-to-back jobs. Fixed and verified.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_013xXuuRUWZScuo1DeYJxs3v
 2026-09-05 14:06:53 +02:00