Strengthen pintable layout_rules skill and refresh empty extractions.

Treat PCB/application layout guidance as a first-class extract, keep those pages in PDF trim, and re-run IC extraction once when rules are still empty under older model_version.

Co-authored-by: Cursor <cursoragent@cursor.com>

backend/pinscopex/layout_rules.py

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import Any
 
+from packaging.version import Version
+
 KNOWN_KINDS = frozenset({"decoupling_proximity", "thermal_via", "keepout", "length_match"})
 
 
@@ -20,6 +22,37 @@ def _num(v: Any) -> float | None:
         return None
 
 
+def has_any_layout_rule(raw: object) -> bool:
+    """True when extraction already produced at least one structured rule."""
+    if not isinstance(raw, list):
+        return False
+    for row in raw:
+        if isinstance(row, dict) and str(row.get("kind") or "").strip() in KNOWN_KINDS:
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+def needs_layout_rules_refresh(
+    data: dict,
+    *,
+    min_scan_version: str,
+) -> bool:
+    """True when layout_rules are empty and the extract predates the scan version.
+
+    After a successful extract at ``min_scan_version`` or newer, an empty
+    ``layout_rules`` list means the datasheet had no guidance — do not loop.
+    """
+    if has_any_layout_rule(data.get("layout_rules")):
+        return False
+    ver = str(data.get("model_version") or "0.0.0")
+    if not min_scan_version or min_scan_version == "0.0.0":
+        return False
+    try:
+        return Version(ver) < Version(min_scan_version)
+    except Exception:
+        return True
+
+
 def validate_layout_rules(raw: list | None) -> tuple[list[dict], list[str]]:
     """Return (normalized rows, errors). Empty list is a valid skip."""
     if not raw:

backend/services/extraction.py

@@ -135,8 +135,36 @@ PINTABLE_TOOL = {
             },
             "layout_rules": {
                 "type": "array",
-                "description": "Optional PCB layout constraints from typical-application pages. kind must be decoupling_proximity, thermal_via, keepout, or length_match. max_distance_mm only if the PDF states a number — never invent 3 mm or 3W.",
+                "description": (
-                "items": {"type": "object"},
+                    "PCB layout constraints from typical-application / PCB layout pages. "
+                    "kind: decoupling_proximity | thermal_via | keepout | length_match. "
+                    "Fields: pin, cap_value_hint, max_distance_mm (ONLY if the PDF states a "
+                    "number — never invent 3 mm/JEDEC), same_layer (bool), min_via_count, "
+                    "net_class, note, source_page. Empty array if the PDF has no layout guidance."
+                ),
+                "items": {
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "kind": {
+                            "type": "string",
+                            "enum": [
+                                "decoupling_proximity",
+                                "thermal_via",
+                                "keepout",
+                                "length_match",
+                            ],
+                        },
+                        "pin": {"type": ["string", "null"]},
+                        "cap_value_hint": {"type": ["string", "null"]},
+                        "max_distance_mm": {"type": ["number", "null"]},
+                        "same_layer": {"type": ["boolean", "null"]},
+                        "min_via_count": {"type": ["integer", "null"]},
+                        "net_class": {"type": ["string", "null"]},
+                        "note": {"type": ["string", "null"]},
+                        "source_page": {"type": ["integer", "null"]},
+                    },
+                    "required": ["kind"],
+                },
             },
         },
         "required": ["component_subtype", "component_subtype_description", "package_info", "pintable"],
@@ -257,11 +285,17 @@ _MAX_PDF_PAGES = 120
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 # Keywords used to find relevant pages for each extraction stage.
+# Include PCB / typical-application pages so layout_rules can be extracted
+# when large datasheets are trimmed to ≤_MAX_PDF_PAGES.
 _PINTABLE_KEYWORDS = re.compile(
     r"pin\s*(out|diagram|configuration|description|assignment|function|name|table|map)"
     r"|ball\s*map|package\s*(pin|drawing|outline)|signal\s+description"
     r"|absolute\s+maximum|recommended\s+operating|electrical\s+characteristics"
-    r"|ordering\s+information|device\s+information",
+    r"|ordering\s+information|device\s+information"
+    r"|pcb\s+layout|layout\s+(guideline|recommendation|consideration|hint)"
+    r"|typical\s+application|application\s+(circuit|schematic|information|note)"
+    r"|reference\s+design|decoupling|bypass\s+capacitor|thermal\s+via"
+    r"|land\s+pattern|keep[\s\-]?out|place\s+(close|near|within)",
     re.IGNORECASE,
 )
 
@@ -596,7 +630,12 @@ async def extract_pintable(
             skill_name="extract-pintable",
             model=model,
             system=system,
-            user_text=f"Extract pin table and package info for MPN: {mpn}",
+            user_text=(
+                f"Extract pin table, package info, absolute maximum ratings, "
+                f"and layout_rules (scan PCB layout / typical application / "
+                f"thermal pages; max_distance_mm only if the PDF states mm) "
+                f"for MPN: {mpn}"
+            ),
             pdf_path=trimmed,
             output_tool=_to_tool(PINTABLE_TOOL),
         )

backend/services/pipeline.py

@@ -762,6 +762,10 @@ async def _stage_ic_extraction(ctx: PipelineContext) -> None:
     extracted_dir = ctx.ws.local_path("extracted")
 
     # Pre-categorize: workspace cache, library cache, or needs extraction
+    from backend.config import settings as app_settings
+    from backend.pinscopex.layout_rules import needs_layout_rules_refresh
+
+    layout_scan_ver = app_settings.get_default_model_version()
     _ic_cache: dict[str, tuple] = {}
     _ic_new_count = 0
     for mpn in ctx.ic_mpns:
@@ -771,13 +775,27 @@ async def _stage_ic_extraction(ctx: PipelineContext) -> None:
             existing = json.loads(json_path.read_text())
             if existing.get("pintable"):
                 ws_ver = existing.get("model_version", "0.0.0")
-                if not settings_svc.version_is_stale(ws_ver, ctx.min_ver):
+                if (
+                    not settings_svc.version_is_stale(ws_ver, ctx.min_ver)
+                    and not needs_layout_rules_refresh(
+                        existing, min_scan_version=layout_scan_ver,
+                    )
+                ):
                     _ic_cache[mpn] = ("workspace",)
                     continue
         lib_key = proj_svc.library_has_extraction(ctx.storage, mpn, min_version=ctx.min_ver)
         if lib_key:
-            _ic_cache[mpn] = ("library", lib_key)
+            # Library hit may still lack layout_rules under the current skill.
-            continue
+            try:
+                lib_payload = ctx.storage.read_json(lib_key)
+            except Exception:
+                lib_payload = {}
+            if not needs_layout_rules_refresh(
+                lib_payload if isinstance(lib_payload, dict) else {},
+                min_scan_version=layout_scan_ver,
+            ):
+                _ic_cache[mpn] = ("library", lib_key)
+                continue
         _ic_new_count += 1
 
     broker.publish(ctx.project_id, "step_update",

backend/skills_manifest.json

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "default_model_version": "1.9.0",
+  "default_model_version": "1.10.0",
   "extract-pintable": {
     "skill_id": "skill_01VMWPZuvuZAe4LmLbmsNWNY",
     "latest_version": "1784798970179642",

docs/piano-implementazione.md

@@ -25,8 +25,9 @@ Fonte originale: canvas *Pinscope: crescita e DeepSeek*. Qui lo stato operativo.
 | Layout F1 | Domini / gruppi / satelliti | **Done** — `functional_groups.json` (no mm) |
 | Layout F1b | Pipeline Placement parallela | **Done** — API/UI `placement_*`, `placement_plan.json` |
 | Layout F2 | Placement IC packing mm | **Partial** — skeleton gated (`placement_pack.json`); no zone/export yet |
+| C4 | `layout_rules` dal datasheet | **Improved** — skill 1.10.0 + trim keywords + cache refresh se vuoto |
 
-**Done when (prossimo pacchetto):** smoke `--live` verde; hit_ratio visibile in UI logs; F2 packing oltre skeleton (collisioni, zone, export).
+**Done when (prossimo pacchetto):** smoke `--live` verde; hit_ratio visibile in UI logs; F2 packing oltre skeleton (collisioni, zone, export); più IC library con `layout_rules` numerici.
 
 ---
 

frontend/content/changelog.md

@@ -2,6 +2,15 @@
 
 What's new in Pinscope.
 
+## 2.28.8 — 2026-09-13 — Stronger layout_rules extraction skill
+
+Pintable skill now treats PCB / typical-application layout guidance as a first-class extract. Page trim keeps layout keywords; IC cache re-extracts once when `layout_rules` are empty under an older `model_version` (1.10.0+).
+
+- [Changed] `skills/extract-pintable` — dedicated `layout_rules` step, examples, hard negatives; tighter `validate.py`.
+- [Changed] Datasheet page trim includes PCB layout / decoupling / typical-application keywords.
+- [Changed] Analysis IC extraction refreshes empties when `model_version` < default (1.10.0).
+- [Changed] `default_model_version` → `1.10.0`.
+
 ## 2.28.7 — 2026-09-13 — Placement F2 pack skeleton (gated)
 
 Placement pipeline can propose satellite xy only when a `.kicad_pcb` layout exists and a `decoupling_proximity` rule has numeric `max_distance_mm`. No millimetres invented; otherwise `placement_pack.json` is skipped with an explicit reason.

skills/extract-pintable/SKILL.md

@@ -1,94 +1,163 @@
 ---
 skill_name: extract-pintable
-description: Extract pin table, package info, and component subtype from an IC datasheet PDF. Returns structured data via the save_pintable tool.
+description: Extract pin table, package info, absolute-maximum ratings, layout_rules, and component subtype from an IC datasheet PDF. Returns structured data via the save_pintable tool.
 ---
 
 # Extract Pin Table & Variant Info
 
-Extract the pin table and variant/ordering information from a component datasheet and return it as structured JSON via the `save_pintable` tool.
+Extract structured data from an IC datasheet and return it via the `save_pintable` tool.
+
+**Priority order:** (1) complete pin table for the MPN package, (2) `layout_rules` from PCB / typical-application pages, (3) package + abs-max + subtype.
 
 ## Steps
 
 ### 1. Read the datasheet PDF
 
-The datasheet PDF is provided in the user message. Focus on these sections:
+Focus on these sections (figures count as evidence):
-- **Pin configuration / pin assignment table** — This is the primary target. Look for tables listing pin number, pin name, description, and alternate functions.
+- **Pin configuration / pin assignment table** — primary target
-- **Ordering information / part number decoder** — Decode what each segment of the MPN means (package, temperature grade, packing, output voltage, etc.)
+- **Ordering information / part number decoder**
-- **Package information** — Pin count, package type (QFP, BGA, SOT-23, etc.)
+- **Package information**
+- **PCB layout / layout guidelines / land pattern notes**
+- **Typical application / reference design** (placement callouts near caps, vias, keepouts)
+- **Absolute maximum ratings**
 
 ### 2. Extract the pin table
 
-For every pin on the component, extract:
+For every pin:
-- `number` (int or str) — The pin number, or BGA ball coordinate like `"A3"`
+- `number` (int or str) — pin number, or BGA ball like `"A3"`
-- `name` (str) — The pin name exactly as printed in the datasheet (e.g., `"VDD"`, `"PA0/SPI0_CLK"`)
+- `name` (str) — verbatim from the datasheet (e.g. `"VDD"`, `"PA0/SPI0_CLK"`)
-- `description` (str or null) — A brief description if the datasheet provides one
+- `description` (str or null)
-- `functions` (list[str] or null) — Alternate/multiplexed functions if the pin supports them
+- `functions` (list[str] or null) — alternate/mux functions
 
-Rules for pin extraction:
+Rules:
-- Include ALL pins — power, ground, NC, and signal pins
+- Include ALL pins — power, ground, NC, exposed pad / EP
-- Use pin names verbatim from the datasheet — do not rename or normalize
+- Names verbatim — do not rename or normalize
-- For multiplexed pins, put the primary name in `name` and alternates in `functions`
+- Multiplexed pins: primary in `name`, alternates in `functions`
+- If the datasheet has per-package tables, use the package matching the MPN
+- Off-by-one pin numbers break everything downstream — double-check
 
-Optional extras (omit if the PDF does not show them):
+**Modules vs bare die (critical).** MPNs containing `WROOM`, `WROVER`, `MODULE`, `MOD-`, or `SIP` are *modules*. Extract the **module landing-pad table** (schematic pins). Do **not** extract the SoC/QFN ball map from a nested chip chapter.
+- Espressif WROOM: pin 1 is GND. Pin 1 named `ANT`, `CHIP_PU`, or `XTAL_*` means you grabbed the die table — invalid.
+- Crystal, RF antenna, and flash on a WROOM module are **inside the can**; they must not appear as schematic pin numbers.
+
+Optional extras (omit if absent):
 - `internal_features.pullup_pins` / `esd_clamp_pins` / `analog_switch` from the **block diagram** only.
-- `layout_rules` from **PCB layout / typical application** pages. `kind` is only `decoupling_proximity`, `thermal_via`, `keepout`, or `length_match` (intra-pair skew mm). Set `max_distance_mm` only when the document states a number — do not invent JEDEC or USB millimetres.
 
-Rules for pin extraction:`
+### 3. Extract layout_rules (required scan — empty OK)
-- If the datasheet has separate tables for different packages, extract for the package matching the MPN
-- Pay careful attention to pin numbering — off-by-one errors here break everything downstream
-- **Modules vs bare die (critical).** MPNs containing `WROOM`, `WROVER`, `MODULE`, `MOD-`, or `SIP` are *modules*. Extract the **module landing-pad table** (connector pins the schematic uses). Do **not** extract the SoC/QFN ball map from a nested chip chapter or a sibling chip-only PDF.
-  - Espressif WROOM: pin 1 is GND (often a group of GND pads). Pin 1 named `ANT`, `CHIP_PU`, or `XTAL_*` means you grabbed the bare ESP32 die table — that will mark every module GND as “antenna shorted” and is invalid.
-  - Crystal, RF antenna, and flash on a WROOM module are **inside the can**; they must not appear as schematic pin numbers.
 
-### 3. Extract package info
+You **must** look for layout guidance. Emit `layout_rules` as a list. Use `[]` only after scanning layout / application / thermal pages and finding no placement guidance.
 
-Decode the MPN and package details into a single `PackageInfo`:
+#### Where to look
-- `base_family` (str) — The base part family (e.g., `"MSPM0G3507"` from `"MSPM0G3507SPTR"`)
+- Headings: “PCB Layout”, “Layout Guidelines”, “Layout Considerations”, “Board Layout”, “Land Pattern”
-- `package` (str) — Package name (e.g., `"LQFP-48"`, `"SOT-23-5"`)
+- “Typical Application”, “Application Circuit”, “Reference Design”
-- `pin_count` (int) — Number of pins
+- Thermal / EP / exposed-pad via recommendations
-- `description` (str) — Human-readable decoding of the full MPN (e.g., `"MSPM0G3507, 48-pin LQFP, tape & reel"`)
+- Callouts on application figures (“place CIN within 2 mm of VIN”)
 
-Look for an "Ordering Information" or "Device Information" table in the datasheet — most datasheets have one.
+#### Allowed `kind` (closed set)
+| kind | Use when |
+| --- | --- |
+| `decoupling_proximity` | Bypass / decoupling / input / output cap near a supply or pin |
+| `thermal_via` | Vias under exposed pad / thermal pad / EP |
+| `keepout` | Keep foreign nets, digital return, or copper out of a region |
+| `length_match` | Intra-pair skew / matched length limit in mm |
 
-### 4. Extract absolute maximum ratings
+#### Fields
+- `pin` — number or name as printed (`"5"`, `"VIN"`, `"VDD"`, `"EP"`)
+- `cap_value_hint` — only if shown (`"100nF"`, `"10µF"`)
+- `max_distance_mm` — **number only if the PDF states millimetres**
+  - OK: “within 2 mm”, “< 5 mm”, “no more than 3 mm from the pin” → `2` / `5` / `3`
+  - NOT OK as a number: “as close as possible”, “close to the pin”, “adjacent”, “nearby” → set `max_distance_mm: null` and keep the rule with a `note`
+  - **Never invent** JEDEC, USB, IPC, or “standard 3 mm / 5 mm” distances
+- `same_layer` — `true`/`false` only if text says same side / opposite side of the board; else null
+- `min_via_count` — integer only if stated (“at least 4 vias”)
+- `net_class` / `note` — short quote of the guidance
+- `source_page` — 1-based page of the guidance (required when you emit a rule)
 
-Copy the **Absolute Maximum Ratings** table (not Recommended Operating Conditions). For each row that a reviewer would need to compare against the schematic rails:
+#### Examples
 
-- `parameter` (str) — as printed (`VCC`, `VIN`, `I/O pin voltage`, `Storage temperature`, …)
+Numeric proximity (copy the millimetre from the PDF):
-- `min` / `max` (number or null) — numeric limit; omit the other side if the table only lists one
-- `unit` (str) — `V`, `mA`, `°C`, …
-- `source_page` (int) — 1-based datasheet page of that row
 
-Include supply voltages, pin/input voltages, input current, and temperature. Skip ESD *human-body-model / IEC contact-discharge kV* rows unless they are the only voltage limit given. Do not invent numbers; if the table is a raster with no readable values, return an empty array.
+```json
+{
+  "kind": "decoupling_proximity",
+  "pin": "VIN",
+  "cap_value_hint": "10uF",
+  "max_distance_mm": 2.0,
+  "same_layer": true,
+  "note": "Place CIN within 2 mm of VIN",
+  "source_page": 14
+}
+```
 
-**ESD / TVS / protection ICs (`ic.protection.esd` and similar):** also copy from Electrical Characteristics (not only abs-max):
+Proximity without a millimetre (still emit the rule):
 
-- Working / reverse working voltage **Vrwm** (or V_RWM / "operating voltage") as a **signed** min/max in volts — e.g. bidirectional ±13 V is `min: -13`, `max: 13`, `unit: "V"`.
+```json
-- One extra row whose `parameter` states polarity/topology as printed (`bidirectional`, `unidirectional`, `back-to-back`), `unit: "—"`, min/max omitted. Do **not** infer unidirectional from "IO" pins that list GND as the reference pin.
+{
+  "kind": "decoupling_proximity",
+  "pin": "VDD",
+  "cap_value_hint": "100nF",
+  "max_distance_mm": null,
+  "note": "Place decoupling capacitor as close as possible to VDD",
+  "source_page": 22
+}
+```
 
-### 5. Assign component subtype (taxonomy)
+Thermal vias:
 
-The existing IC taxonomy subtypes are provided in the system prompt under `EXISTING IC TAXONOMY SUBTYPES`. Pick the best matching subtype based on the component's MPN, package info, and pin names.
+```json
+{
+  "kind": "thermal_via",
+  "pin": "EP",
+  "min_via_count": 4,
+  "note": "Use at least 4 thermal vias in the exposed pad",
+  "source_page": 18
+}
+```
 
-If no existing subtype fits, propose a new one following the dot-notation convention (`ic.{category}.{specific}`).
+#### Hard negatives
+- Do not invent land-pattern pad sizes from the mechanical drawing alone
+- Do not emit `length_match` for USB/HDMI/PCIe unless the **this** datasheet states a skew/length number
+- Do not use kinds outside the closed set
+- One rule per distinct pin/guidance; prefer supply pins that show caps in the application figure
 
-Set the chosen subtype on the `component_subtype` field.
+### 4. Extract package info
 
-### 6. Quality checks
+- `base_family` — e.g. `"MSPM0G3507"` from `"MSPM0G3507SPTR"`
+- `package` — e.g. `"LQFP-48"`, `"SOT-23-5"`
+- `pin_count` (int)
+- `description` — human-readable MPN decode
 
-Before producing output, verify:
+Prefer “Ordering Information” / “Device Information” tables.
-- Pin count matches what the datasheet says for this package
-- No duplicate pin numbers
-- No pins are missing (compare against the datasheet's stated pin count)
-- Pin names look reasonable (not garbled OCR artifacts)
 
-### 7. Validate and output
+### 5. Extract absolute maximum ratings
 
-Validate your extraction against the output schema:
+Copy the **Absolute Maximum Ratings** table (not Recommended Operating Conditions):
+
+- `parameter`, `min` / `max`, `unit`, `source_page` (1-based)
+
+Include supply voltages, pin/input voltages, input current, temperature. Skip HBM/IEC kV ESD rows unless they are the only voltage limit. Do not invent numbers.
+
+**ESD / TVS (`ic.protection.esd` and similar):** also from Electrical Characteristics:
+- Vrwm / operating voltage as signed min/max in volts
+- One row for polarity/topology as printed (`bidirectional`, …), `unit: "—"`
+
+### 6. Assign component subtype
+
+Pick the best dotted subtype from `EXISTING IC TAXONOMY SUBTYPES` (e.g. `ic.mcu`, `ic.power.ldo`). If none fit, propose `ic.{category}.{specific}`.
+
+### 7. Quality checks
+
+Before output:
+- Pin count matches the package for this MPN
+- No duplicate / missing pin numbers
+- `layout_rules` scanned (list present; `[]` only if truly no guidance)
+- Every emitted rule has a valid `kind`; every numeric `max_distance_mm` comes from the PDF text/figure
+- Pin names are not OCR garbage
+
+### 8. Validate and output
 
 ```bash
 python3 /skills/extract-pintable/validate.py '<your JSON here>'
 ```
 
-If validation passes, call the `save_pintable` tool with the structured result.
+If validation passes, call `save_pintable`. Do NOT write files to disk — use the tool.
-Do NOT write files to disk — use the tool.

skills/extract-pintable/schema.json

@@ -56,7 +56,30 @@
     },
     "layout_rules": {
       "type": "array",
-      "items": {"type": "object"}
+      "description": "PCB layout constraints from typical-application / PCB layout pages. Empty if none stated.",
+      "items": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "kind": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": [
+              "decoupling_proximity",
+              "thermal_via",
+              "keepout",
+              "length_match"
+            ]
+          },
+          "pin": {"type": ["string", "null"]},
+          "cap_value_hint": {"type": ["string", "null"]},
+          "max_distance_mm": {"type": ["number", "null"]},
+          "same_layer": {"type": ["boolean", "null"]},
+          "min_via_count": {"type": ["integer", "null"]},
+          "net_class": {"type": ["string", "null"]},
+          "note": {"type": ["string", "null"]},
+          "source_page": {"type": ["integer", "null"]}
+        },
+        "required": ["kind"]
+      }
     }
   },
   "required": ["component_subtype", "package_info", "pintable"]

skills/extract-pintable/validate.py

@@ -93,6 +93,62 @@ def validate(data: dict) -> list[str]:
                 kind = row.get("kind")
                 if kind not in kinds:
                     errors.append(f"layout_rules[{i}] unknown kind: {kind!r}")
+                    continue
+                dist = row.get("max_distance_mm")
+                if dist is not None and dist is not False:
+                    if isinstance(dist, bool):
+                        errors.append(
+                            f"layout_rules[{i}].max_distance_mm must be a number or null"
+                        )
+                    elif isinstance(dist, (int, float)):
+                        if float(dist) <= 0:
+                            errors.append(
+                                f"layout_rules[{i}].max_distance_mm must be > 0"
+                            )
+                    else:
+                        try:
+                            v = float(str(dist).strip())
+                        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                            errors.append(
+                                f"layout_rules[{i}].max_distance_mm must be numeric "
+                                f"or null (got {dist!r}) — do not invent distances; "
+                                f"use null when the PDF only says 'close'"
+                            )
+                        else:
+                            if v <= 0:
+                                errors.append(
+                                    f"layout_rules[{i}].max_distance_mm must be > 0"
+                                )
+                via = row.get("min_via_count")
+                if via is not None and via is not False and not isinstance(via, bool):
+                    if isinstance(via, int):
+                        if via <= 0:
+                            errors.append(
+                                f"layout_rules[{i}].min_via_count must be > 0"
+                            )
+                    else:
+                        try:
+                            iv = int(float(str(via).strip()))
+                        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                            errors.append(
+                                f"layout_rules[{i}].min_via_count must be an integer "
+                                f"or null (got {via!r})"
+                            )
+                        else:
+                            if iv <= 0:
+                                errors.append(
+                                    f"layout_rules[{i}].min_via_count must be > 0"
+                                )
+                page = row.get("source_page")
+                if page is not None and not isinstance(page, int):
+                    errors.append(
+                        f"layout_rules[{i}].source_page must be an integer or null"
+                    )
+                same = row.get("same_layer")
+                if same is not None and not isinstance(same, bool):
+                    errors.append(
+                        f"layout_rules[{i}].same_layer must be a boolean or null"
+                    )
 
     return errors
 

tests/test_layout_rules.py

@@ -33,6 +33,26 @@ def test_empty_list_is_explicit_skip():
     assert errors == []
 
 
+def test_needs_refresh_when_empty_and_old_version():
+    from backend.pinscopex.layout_rules import needs_layout_rules_refresh
+
+    assert needs_layout_rules_refresh(
+        {"model_version": "1.9.0", "layout_rules": []},
+        min_scan_version="1.10.0",
+    )
+    assert not needs_layout_rules_refresh(
+        {"model_version": "1.10.0", "layout_rules": []},
+        min_scan_version="1.10.0",
+    )
+    assert not needs_layout_rules_refresh(
+        {
+            "model_version": "1.9.0",
+            "layout_rules": [{"kind": "decoupling_proximity", "max_distance_mm": None}],
+        },
+        min_scan_version="1.10.0",
+    )
+
+
 def test_unknown_kind_rejected_and_non_numeric_distance_is_null():
     ok, errors = validate_layout_rules([
         {"kind": "not_a_kind", "max_distance_mm": 1.0},