feat(v2): scaffold hardware/v1 frozen baseline + M1 Neural Processor

Begins the V2 Neural Multiprocessor / Dataflow architecture per
docs/v2-description.md, per explicit user request to freeze V1 and
start V2 development, copying from V1 what's needed.

Scaffold:
- hardware/v1/: byte-exact, read-only copy of the current V1 codebase
  (rtl, testbenches, tools, constraints, a representative subset of
  synthesis results, and reference docs) -- verified identical via
  diff/cmp against the live top-level tree before being made
  filesystem-read-only. The live top-level tree is untouched and
  remains the project's "production" V1 (see hardware/v1/README.md
  and hardware/v2/logs/decisions.log DEC-0001 for why copy-not-move).
- hardware/v2/: mandatory structure (rtl/sim/constraints/synthesis/
  reports/scripts/logs/docs) plus the full logging system required by
  the spec (development/architecture/simulation/synthesis/timing/
  benchmark/decisions/experiments/errors.log).

M1 -- Neural Processor (hardware/v2/rtl/neural_processor.v):
- 8-stage pipelined perceptron unit (P_IN=8): input align, 8
  multipliers, 3-level adder tree, accumulator, bias+activation, INT8
  saturation. Genuine 1-tile/cycle throughput, not just a wider
  combinational datapath.
- 7-state FSM (NP_IDLE..NP_ERROR per docs/v2-description.md §6, with
  4 baseline states merged into NP_WAIT_OPERANDS -- see
  decisions.log DEC-0002); valid/ready/data/last stream interfaces
  per §7.
- Bit-exact vs the frozen hardware/v1/rtl/neuron_parallel.v + mac8.v
  + mac_unit.v: 7/7 tests pass (hardware/v2/sim/tb_neural_processor.v),
  covering regular/mixed-sign/extreme-INT8 vectors, both activations,
  a zero-idle-gap back-to-back-tiles throughput check, and an 8-tile
  job -- verified with Verilator (see below for why).
- Real synthesis + place&route (Yosys + nextpnr-ecp5): 0 CHECK
  problems, Fmax 183.12 MHz at ACC_WIDTH=32 (PASS at 80MHz, ~3x V1's
  isolated PARALLEL=8 Fmax of 61.71 MHz) and 176.21 MHz at ACC_WIDTH=24
  (a user-requested comparison experiment, also bit-exact-verified;
  see experiments.log EXP-0001/EXP-0002 and benchmark.log).

Three real bugs found and resolved during M1 development (full
diagnostic record in errors.log):
- Two independent, reproducible Icarus Verilog v13.0 scheduling
  defects (ERR-0001, ERR-0002) that silently produced wrong simulation
  results for standard sequential Verilog -- confirmed via Verilator
  5.050 giving correct results on the same minimal repros. Verilator
  is now the trusted simulator for hardware/v2/ (decisions.log
  DEC-0004); Icarus's affected protocol-violation check was removed
  from the RTL and deferred architecturally to the Neural Director
  (DEC-0003) rather than chased further.
- One real RTL bug (ERR-0003): last0 wasn't gated like valid0,
  letting a "last tile" tag leak into the pipeline ahead of its
  actual valid tile on back-to-back jobs. Fixed and verified.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_013xXuuRUWZScuo1DeYJxs3v

hardware/v1/docs/validation/12-netasm.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# C.12 — `netasm` (host, assemblatore pseudo-assembly → byte)
+
+Data: 2026-09-04.
+
+## Evidenza
+
+`tools/netasm/tests/test_netasm.py` — rieseguito da zero in Fase 0 di questa campagna
+(non preso dalla parola): **20/20 PASS**. Copertura, verificata leggendo i nomi dei test
+(`tests/test_netasm.py`), non solo il conteggio:
+- Parsing (denso/grafo, commenti, righe vuote, errori di sintassi).
+- Assemblaggio grafo byte-esatto **senza** padding, confrontato byte-per-byte contro
+  l'esempio del manuale (§3), riferimento indipendente dall'implementazione.
+- Assemblaggio grafo **con** padding (PARALLEL=4).
+- Neurone a zero connessioni (`n_conn=0` → pad a un gruppo intero).
+- Guardie a tempo di compilazione: auto-riferimento, riferimento in avanti, output usato
+  come sorgente, overflow `MAX_CONN`, overflow `N_TOTAL`, `OUTPUT` non dichiarato —
+  ciascuna verificata come test **negativo** (deve rifiutare, non solo "non crashare").
+- Round-trip con l'RTL: gli stessi byte prodotti da `netasm` sono quelli effettivamente
+  usati nel test end-to-end mandatorio del sottosistema flash
+  (`sim/spi_neuron_top_flash_tb.v` TEST4, `netasm→SAVE_SLOT→LOAD_SLOT→RUN_NETWORK`,
+  output=126 confermato) — non solo testato in isolamento, verificato anche contro
+  l'hardware reale a valle.
+
+## Verdetto
+
+**CERTIFICATO.** Nessuna riserva — copertura sia positiva sia negativa, oracolo
+indipendente (esempio del manuale, non l'implementazione stessa), e un round-trip reale
+con l'hardware già dimostrato in una fase precedente di questa stessa sessione.